LibraryThis document discusses a list of over 4000 words that are important for the IELTS academic test. It notes that this word list reflects the essential vocabulary level required for the test and will help test takers, especially those aiming for high scores. The list is maintained by Pacific Lava School and includes general academic words that test takers need.
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IELTS 4000 Academic Word List
This academic word list is a must-have resource for IELTS test takers, especially who are
working for high scores. The 4000+ words reflect the essential vocabulary level of IELTS
academic test. We remind you this list is based on general word list. For IELTS academic test
takers, you need general words as well. This list is maintained by Pacific Lava School.
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A
abandon: lacking restraint or control; feeling of extreme emotional intensity; unbounded enthusiasm
abandonment: giving up completely; freedom from constraint
abbreviation: shortening something by omitting parts of it
abeyance: suspended action; temporary cessation or suspension
abide: endure; put up with; bear; tolerate
ability: capacity; skill
abnormal: unusual; not typical; not normal
aboard: on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle; in or into a group, organization, or business
abolish: cancel; put an end to; destroy completely
abolition: ending; act of abolishing; act of doing away with
abortion: termination of pregnancy; failure of a plan
abortive: unsuccessful; failing to accomplish an intended objective; fruitless
abridge: condense; shorten; reduce length of written text
abrogate: abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority
abrupt: broken off; very steep; having sudden transitions from one subject to another
absence: state of being absent; state of being away
absent: go away or leave ; missing; not present
absolute: perfect in quality or nature; complete; totally unlimited; certain
absolutely: utterly; definitely
absorb: assimilate or incorporate; suck or drink up; occupy full attention
absorption: process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion; state of mental
concentration
abstract: theoretical; not concrete; not applied or practical; difficult to understand
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absurd: preposterous; ridiculously incongruous or unreasonable; foolish
absurdity: quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment;
logical contradiction
abundance: great or plentiful amount; fullness to overflowing
abundant: plentiful; possessing riches or resources
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abuse: improper use or handling; misuse
academic: related to school; not practical or directly useful; relating to scholarly organization; based
on formal education
academy: school for special instruction; society of scholars, scientists, or artists
accede: agree; give consent, often at insistence of another; concede
accelerate: move faster; cause to develop or progress more quickly; occur sooner than expected
acceleration: faster rate of improvement; rate of change of velocity with respect to time
access: approach; entry; entrance
accessible: easily approached or entered; obtainable; easy to talk to or get along with
accessory: additional object; useful but not essential thing; subordinate or supplementary item
accident: event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; sudden, and unexpected
event
accidental: unexpected; unforeseen
accidentally: inadvertently; by chance; casually; fortuitously; not essentially or intrinsically
accommodate: do a favor or service for; provide for; supply with; make suitable; adapt; allow for
accommodation: living quarters provided for public convenience
accompaniment: act of accompanying someone or something
accompany: travel with; be associated with
accomplish: succeed in doing; bring to pass; achieve; reach the end of; complete
accomplishment: achievement; fulfillment
accord: settlement or compromise of conflicting opinions; written agreement between two states
account: narrative or record of events; reason given for a particular action or event
accountant: one who maintains and audits business accounts
accounting: system that provides quantitative information about finances
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accrue: increase, accumulate, or come about as a result of growth; accumulate over time
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accumulate: pile up; collect; mount up; increase
accumulation: increase by natural growth or addition; concentration
accuracy: quality of nearness to the truth or the true value
accurate: capable of providing a correct reading or measurement; performing with care and precision
accusation: indictment; charge of wrongdoing that is made against a person or other party
accuse: blame; condemn
achieve: gain with effort; accomplish; fulfill
achievement: feat; accomplishment; award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective
acid: sour; water-soluble compounds having a sour taste; quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful
acknowledge: declare to be true or admit; express obligation, thanks
acquaint: inform about; cause to come to know personally; make familiar
acquaintance: personal knowledge or information about someone or something
acquainted: known by or familiar with another; informed or familiar
acquire: gain through experience or effort; gain possession of; locate with tracking system
acquisition: act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something
across: from side to side; crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length
activate: make active or more active; stimulate; make radioactive
actively: energetically; vigorously; in an active manner; voluntarily, not passively
actual: true; real; being, existing, or acting at the present moment; current
actually: truly; really; in fact
acute: quickly perceptive; keen; having a sharp point or tip; extremely sharp or severe
adapt: make fit for; change to suit a new purpose
adaptation: modification; alteration or adjustment in structure or habits
additional: further; extra; supplemental or added to
additive: addition; supplement
address: make a formal speech to; deal with or discuss; direct efforts or attention of
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adequate: sufficient; enough to meet a purpose
adhere: stick fast; stick to firmly; be compatible or in accordance with
adhesive: glue; paste ; substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
adjacent: adjoining; neighboring; close to; lying near
adjoin: be next to; be contiguous to; border on
adjust: adapt; regulate
adjustment: making or becoming suitable; adjusting to circumstances
administer: govern; supervise; give or apply medications
administration: management; supervision; people who are in charge for management; activity of
government for powers and duties
administrative: of or relating to or responsible for administration
admiration: favorable judgment; feeling of pleasure, wonder, and approval
admire: regard with wonder or astonishment; view with surprise; marvel at
admission: act or practice of admitting; power or permission to enter
admit: permit to enter; receive; provide the right or a means of entrance to
admittedly: doubtlessly; in an acknowledged manner; confessedly
adolescence: state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; transitional period
between youth and maturity
adolescent: a juvenile between the onset of puberty and maturity;
adopt: accept; take on; raise; take into one's family
adoption: act of accepting with approval
adore: worship with profound reverence; pay divine honors to; regard with the utmost esteem and
affection
adorn: enhance or decorate with or as if with ornaments
adornment: embellishment; decoration; something that beautifies or adorns; ornament
adult: one who has attained maturity or legal age; fully grown
advance: proceed; move forward; improve; moving forward
advanced: improved; highly developed or complex; ahead of the times; progressive
adventure: something happens without design; chance; hazard; risk; danger
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adventurous: valiant; venturesome; inclined or willing to incur hazard or engage in adventures
adversary: opponent in contest; someone who offers opposition
adverse: in opposing direction; harmful or unfavorable; acting or serving to oppose
adversity: state of misfortune, hardship, or affliction; misfortune
advertise: give notice to; inform or apprise; make known; give public notice of
advisable: proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent; ready to receive advice
advocate: speak, plead, or argue in favour of; plead for; push for something
aerial: of the air or atmosphere; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air
affect: have an emotional or cognitive impact upon
affection: fondness; tender feeling toward another; fondness
affectionate: having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; kindly inclined; zealous
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affiliate: associate; incorporate
affirm: assert; confirm
affirmation: positive assertion; confirmation; solemn pledge by one who refuses to take an oath
affirmative: confirmative; ratifying; giving assent or approval; confirming
afford: pay; provide; have the financial means for; bear the cost of
affordable: able to pay for
agency: a business that serves other businesses; an administrative unit of government
agent: one that acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
aggravate: worsen; make worse or more troublesome
aggregate: gather into a mass, sum, or whole; amount to
aggregation: several things grouped together or considered as a whole
aggressive: making assaults; unjustly attacking; combative; hostile; tending to spread quickly
aggressor: one that engages in aggression; person who first attacks
agitate: cause to move with violence or sudden force; upset; disturb
agitation: anxiety; extreme emotional disturbance
agony: extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; last struggle of life; death struggle
agreeable: ready to consent or submit; acceptable
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agreement: state of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character
agriculture: practice of cultivating the land or raising stock
aid: person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; helper; assistant
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ailment: sickness; illness; affliction
aim: point or direct towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it
air: be broadcast on television or radio
aircraft: vehicle that can fly, such as an airplane, helicopter, balloon
aisle: passageway between rows of seats, as in an auditorium or an airplane; wing of a building
ajar: half-open; slightly turned or opened
alarm: any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger
album: a list of names; a register for visitors; a blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches,
memorial writing of friends, photographs
alert: warning serves; alarm; condition of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action
alien: dissimilar, inconsistent, or opposed in nature; very different place, society, or person
alienate: cause to become unfriendly or hostile; transfer property or ownership; isolate or dissociate
emotionally
alignment: arrangement; association; alliance
alike: similar; in the same manner or to the same degree
allergic: excessively sensitive; susceptible; having an allergy
allergy: hyper sensitivity reaction; abnormally high sensitivity to certain substances
alliance: state of being allied; act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of interests between
families, states, parties
allocate: assign; distribute according to plan
allot: parcel out in parts or portions; distribute to each individual concerned; assign as a share or lot
allowance: approval; act of allowing, granting, or admitting
alloy: combine; mix; make less pure; lessen or moderate
ally: confederate; partner; collaborator
alone: solitary; by oneself
along: by the length; in a line with the length; onward; forward; in company; together
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alongside: along or by the side; side by side with
alter: modify; cause to change; make different; convert
alternate: happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously; substitute
alternation: successive change from one thing or state to another and back again
alternative: one of two or more things, ideas or courses of action that may be used; option; choice
altitude: elevation especially above sea level; height
aluminum: silvery ductile metallic element
amateur: nonprofessional; lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art
amaze: astonish; affect with wonder
amazement: wonder; state of extreme surprise or wonder; astonishment
ambassador: authorized messenger or representative
ambiguity: state of being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty
ambiguous: unclear or doubtful in meaning
ambition: aspiration
ambitious: aspiring; having a strong desire for success or achievement
ambulance: field hospital organized as to follow an army in its movements; wagon for conveying the
wounded to hospital
amend: change for the better; improve; remove faults or errors
amendment: correction; revision
amends: compensation for a loss or injury; recompense; reparation
amiable: good-natured and likable; lovable; warmly friendly
amicable: exhibiting friendliness or goodwill; not quarrelsome
amid: in the middle of; among; surrounded by
ammunition: military stores or provisions; articles used in weapons, as powder, balls, shot, shells
amount: total of two or more quantities; aggregate; sum
ample: more than enough in size or scope or capacity; fairly large
amplification: addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail
amplify: broaden or clarify by expanding; intensify; make larger or more powerful; increase
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amuse: occupy or engage the attention of; lose in deep thought
analogy: similarity in some respects; comparison based on similarity
analysis: study; investigation; process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts
analytical: of analysis; resolving into elements or parts
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analyze: diagnose; examine
ancestor: forefather; forebear; forerunner or predecessor
anchor: secure or fasten firmly; be fixed in place; narrate or coordinate
anecdote: short account of amusing or interesting event; short narrative; secret story of history or
biography
angular: sharp-cornered; consisting of an angle or angles; stiff in manner
animate: endowed with life; alive; living; animated
animation: act of animating, or giving life or spirit; state of being animate or alive.
ankle: joint which connects the foot with the leg; tarsus
annex: append or attach; take possession of; incorporate into an existing political unit
anniversary: annual; yearly; annual return of the day on which any notable event took place
announce: herald; give out; proclaim; make known publicly
announcement: formal public statement; act of making known publicly
announcer: one who proclaims a message publicly
annoy: disturb, especially by minor irritations; irritate
annual: occurring or payable every year
annually: yearly; each year; returning every year; year by year
antagonism: active resistance; condition of being an opposing principle, force, or factor
antagonist: one who contends with another, especially in combat; an adversary; opponent
antarctic: opposite to the northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the region near it
antibiotic: of or relating to chemical substance that kills microorganisms and cures infections
anticipate: act in advance of; deal with ahead of time; predict
anticipation: something expected; pleasurable expectation; wishing with confidence
antique: any furniture old and valuable; out of fashion
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antonym: word of opposite meaning; counter term
anxiety: concern something in state of painful uneasiness; state of restlessness and agitation
anxious: eager; keen; worried; uneasy and apprehensive about an uncertain event or matter
anyhow: in any way or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event
apart: separately, in regard to space or company; in a state of separation as to place; aside
ape: imitate; mimic, as an ape imitates human actions
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apologize: beg pardon
apology: acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense; explanation or
excuse
apparatus: a group of parts that work together to perform given function; appliance or device for
particular purpose
apparent: capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to eye
appeal: attraction; charm; attract; fascinate; challenge
appealing: attractive; charming
appendix: something appended or added
appetite: instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or drink
applaud: acclaim; express approval, especially by clapping the hands
appliance: durable goods for home or office use; device or instrument for household use
applicable: capable of being applied; fit or suitable to be applied; having relevance
applicant: candidate
application: close attention; work of applying something; verbal or written request for assistance
apply: exert; put into service; avail oneself to;
appoint: designate; nominate
appointment: act of putting a person into a non-elective position; arrangement
appreciable: considerable; perceptible
appreciate: be thankful for; increase in worth; be thoroughly conscious of
appreciation: recognition; taste; judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one
appreciative: having or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception
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apprentice: works for an expert to learn a trade; beginner; learner
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approach: access; method
appropriate: acquire; take possession of for one's own use; set apart for specific use
approval: official approbation; endorsement; act of approving
approve: ratify; consider right or good; think or speak favorably of
approximate: approach; come near
approximately: about; roughly
apt: likely; exactly suitable; appropriate; quick to learn or understand
aptitude: inherent ability; quickness in learning and understanding
arbitrary: randomly chosen; determined by chance or impulse, and not by reason or principle
arbitrator: someone chosen to judge and decide disputed issue; one having ability or power to make
authoritative decisions
arc: continuous portion of a circle; something curved in shape
arch: any part of a curved line
archaeology: study of artifacts and relics of early mankind
architect: one who designs and supervises the construction of buildings or other large structures
architecture: art and science of designing and erecting buildings; buildings and other large structures
ardent: displaying or by strong enthusiasm or devotion; passionate
arduous: demanding great effort or labor; difficult
area: plane surface, as of the floor of a room; open space in a building; the enclosed space; extent;
scope; range
arena: playing field where sports events take place; large structure for open-air sports or
entertainments
argue: invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opinion, or measure; debate
arise: come up from a lower to a higher position; come above the horizon; spring up; come into action
aristocracy: hereditary nobility; privileged class
aristocrat: one of the aristocracy or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble
arithmetic: theory of numerical calculations
armour: defensive covering, as of metal, wood, or leather, worn to protect the body against weapons
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arms: weapons considered collectively; official symbols of a family
arouse: excite; stimulate; awaken from or as if from sleep
arrange: put in proper order; dispose in the manner intended, or best suited for the purpose
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arrangement: composition; order
array: set out for display or use; place in orderly arrangement
arrest: stop or slow down; catch someone's attention; take into custody
arrogance: overbearing pride; haughtiness; manifest feeling of personal superiority in rank, power, or
estimation
arrogant: arising from feeling or assumption of one's superiority toward others
article: essay; editorial; individual thing or element of a class
artificial: made by humans; produced rather than natural.
ascend: climb; mount
ascertain: find out for certain; discover with certainty; make sure of
ascribe: inscribe or dedicate; attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; assign as a quality
ashamed: affected by shame; abashed or confused by guilt
aside: on, or to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a little distance from the rest
aspect: distinct feature or element in a problem; a way in which something can be viewed by the
mind
aspirin: white crystalline compound drug to relieve pain and reduce fever and inflammation
assassination: act of assassinating; killing by treacherous violence; murder of public figure by
surprise attack
assault: attack; onslaught
assemble: put together; bring or call together into a group or whole
assembly: gathering; meeting; a group of persons gathered together for common reason
assert: declare or state with confidence; put oneself forward boldly
assess: estimate value; judge worth of something
assessment: act of judging or assessing; amount determined as payable
assign: appoint; allot; make over; point out authoritatively or exactly
assignment: task given to students; job; distribution; appointment
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assist: give help or support to, especially as a subordinate
assistance: activity of contributing to fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose
assistant: helper; person who assists or helps someone else
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associate: connect or join together; combine
association: connection, whether of persons of things; union of persons in a company or society for
some particular purpose
assorted: varied; miscellaneous
assortment: variety; collection containing a variety of sorts of things
assume: suppose; presume; take on; bear
assumption: something taken for accepted as true without proof; taking over or taking possession of
assurance: promise or pledge; certainty; self-confidence; freedom from doubt
assure: solidify; guarantee; convince
assured: made sure; exhibiting confidence or authority; indubitable
astonish: surprise; shock
astound: affect with wonder; surprise; shock
astray: away from the correct path or direction, either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering
astronomer: a physicist who studies astronomy
astronomical: enormously large or extensive; relating to astronomy
astronomy: branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and universe as a whole
athlete: sports man; one who contended for prize in public games
atlas: a bound volume of maps, charts, or tables
atmosphere: air
atom: a tiny piece of anything; the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties
of the element
atomic: of or relating to or comprising atoms; immeasurably small
attach: fasten; annex; be in contact with
attachment: a bond, as of affection or loyalty; fond regard; supplementary part; accessory
attack: offensive move; expression of strong criticism; hostile comment
attain: achieve or accomplish; gain
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attempt: action of trying at something
attend: be present at; go to; take care of; tend
attendance: act of being present
attendant: aide; servant; accompanying; person who participates in a meeting
attention: act or state of attending or heeding; application of the mind to any object of sense,
representation, or thought
attentive: alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful
attic: story or room directly below the roof of a building, especially a house;
attitude: posture, action, or disposition of a figure or a statue
attorney: lawyer; one who is appointed by another to act in his place or stead; proxy
attract: draw to, or cause to tend to; engage or fix, as the mind, attention; invite or allure
attraction: appeal; a characteristic that provides pleasure and attracts
attribute: essential quality; reputation; honor
auction: public sale of property to the highest bidder
audience: a group of people within hearing; crowd seeing a stage performance
auditorium: area of theater or concert hall where audience sits
august: impressive; majestic; inspiring awe or admiration
author: beginner, former, or first mover of anything; creator; originator; one who composes or writes
book or composer
authority: jurisdiction; power to enforce laws, exact obedience, command, determine, or judge;
government
authorization: act of giving authority or legal power; establishment by authority; sanction or warrant
authorize: empower; give permission for; sanction
autobiography: biography or story written by yourself
automate: control or operate by automation; replace or enhance human labor with machines
automatic: mechanized; operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
automation: act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic
system, such as computer or electronic controls
automobile: self-propelled vehicle suitable for use on street or roadway
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autonomous: self-governing; not controlled by others or by outside forces; independent
autonomy: independence; self-government or the right of self-government; self-determination
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auxiliary: helper, additional or subsidiary
avail: turn to advantage of; be of service to; profit; promote
available: convenient for use or disposal; not busy, free; obtainable; accessible
avenge: take vengeance for something, or on behalf of someone
avenue: way or opening for entrance or exit place; passage by which a place may be reached; broad
street
average: typical; mean; achieve or reach on average
aviation: art or science of flying; flight; aeronautics
avoid: shield away from; prevent
aware: knowing; having knowledge or cognizance
awe: mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder; fear, as of something evil
awful: causing fear, dread, or terror; extremely bad or unpleasant; terrible
awkward: difficult to handle or manage
awkwardly: in an uncomfortable, nervous or embarrassed way
axis: the center around which something rotates; pivot
axle: pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel; transverse bar or shaft
connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage
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B
baby-sitter: person engaged to care for children when the parents are not home
bachelor: unmarried men; the first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges
backbone: support; mainstay; vertebrate spine or spinal column
backward: directed to the back or rear; unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating; undeveloped
bacon: back and sides of a pig salted and smoked
bacterium: single celled organism with no nucleus
badge: distinctive mark, token, or sign worn on the person
badminton: game played on a court with light long-handled rackets
baffle: frustrate as by confusing or perplexing; impede force or movement of
baggage: trunks, bags, parcels, and suitcases in which one carries one's belongings while traveling;
luggage
bait: harass; tease; lure, entice, or entrap
bake: prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat, either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone
or metal
balance: being in equilibrium; equilibrium; symmetry; stability
balcony: platform projecting from the wall of a building
bald: hairless; lacking a natural or usual covering
ballet: a sort of theatrical representation by dancers
balloon: large non-rigid bag filled with gas or heated air
ballroom: large room used mainly for dancing
bamboo: plant of family of grasses, growing in tropical countries
band: orchestra; team; strip; ribbon; belt; unite; ally
bandage: strip of woven material, used in dressing and binding up wounds
bang: a vigorous blow; a conspicuous success
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banker: person in charge of the bank in a gambling game; one who owns or is an executive in a bank
bankrupt: penniless, without any money; financially ruined
banner: flag; sign; a newspaper headline that runs across the full page
banquet: feast; entertainment of eating and drinking
bar: a counter where you can obtain food or drink; cafe; strip; stick
barber: haircutter; one whose business is to cut hair and to shave or trim beards
bare: lacking the usual or appropriate covering or clothing
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barely: just; only; hardly; scarcely
bargain: agreement between parties concerning the sale of property
barge: flatboat; long, large boat for transporting freight that is unpowered and towed or pushed by
other craft
bark: sound made by a dog; harsh sound uttered by a dog
barn: an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals
barometer: instrument for determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere
baron: title or degree of nobility
barrel: vessel; large cylindrical container
barren: desolate; fruitless and unproductive; lacking
barrier: obstacle; structure built to bar passage; boundary or limit
barter: trade goods or services without the exchange of money
baseball: game played with a bat and ball by two opposing teams of nine players; ball used in this
game
basement: cellar; storage room
basin: bowl-shaped vessel, usually used for holding food or liquids
bathe: wash by immersion, as in a bath; subject to bath; lave; immerse or cover one's self
batter: beat with successive blows; beat repeatedly and with violence
battery: beating or pounding; set of guns or heavy artillery; dry cell that produces electric current
bay: inlet of the sea, usually smaller than a gulf; small body of water set off from the main body
bazaar: market consisting of a street lined with shops and stalls, especially one in the Middle East
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bead: small piece of material, such as glass, plastic, or wood, that is pierced for stringing
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beak: nib ;horny projecting mouth of a bird
beam: ray of light; long piece of metal or wood; long piece fixed or movable in structure, machine, or
tool
bean: various edible seeds; small oval or roundish seed, berry, nut, or lump
bear: support; sustain; carry; have; yield; give birth; hold up or support
bearing: carrying another part; patient endurance; suffering without complaint; act of producing or
giving birth
beat: whip; strike; defeat; hit repeatedly
become: suit or be suitable to; be worthy of, or proper for; cause to appear well; grow or come to be
beforehand: in state of anticipation; in advance; by way of preparation
behalf: represent; advantage, benefit, interest of someone
behave: perform; conduct oneself in a proper way
behavior: conduct; manner
belly: part of human body which extends downward from breast to thighs, and contains bowels;
womb
beloved: greatly loved; dear to the heart
below: under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; inferior to in rank; unworthy of
bend: strain or move out of a straight line; curve; turn toward some certain point
beneath: lower in place, with something directly over or on; under; underneath; below
beneficial: helpful; tending to promote physical well-being
beneficiary: person entitled to benefits or proceeds of an insurance policy or will
benefit: advantage; something that aids or promotes well-being ; welfare; gain
benevolent: generous in providing aid to others; charitable
bent: determined to do or have
besides: over and above; separate or distinct from; in addition to; other than
bestow: give as gift; present
bet: stake or pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; amount or object risked in a wager
betray: be unfaithful; reveal unconsciously or unwillingly
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beverage: liquids for drinking, usually excluding water; refreshment
bewilder: lead into perplexity or confusion; perplex with mazes
bias: preference or inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; influence in unfair way
bid: make an offer of; propose; offer in words; declare, as a wish, a greeting, a threat, or defiance
bill: invoice; act; proposal; statement or list of particulars, such as a theater program or menu
billion: the number that is represented as a one followed by 9 zeros
bind: tie, or confine with a cord, band, or chain; make fast; contract; cohere or stick together
biographer: one who writes a book about somebody's life
biography: an account of the series of events making up a person's life; accounts of people's life
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biologist: scientist who studies living organisms
bite: pierce skin with teeth; seize with the teeth; sting with a stinger; eat into; have a sharp taste
bitter: harsh or corrosive in tone; painful; acrid; acrimonious
bitterness: sharp and bitter manner
blacksmith: one who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil
blade: flat part of the leaf, of any plant, especially of gramineous plants; cutting part of an instrument
blame: condemn; rebuke; find fault with; censure
blank: of a white or pale color; without color; empty; void
blanket: heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a nap, used in bed clothing
blast: explode; burst; gale; very strong gust of wind or air
blaze: brilliant burst of fire; destructive fire; flame
bleach: make white or colorless; blanch
bleed: emit blood; lose blood; withdraw blood from the body
blend: combination; mixture; forming uniform mixture
bless: make or pronounce holy; consecrate; make happy
blessing: praying for divine protection; formal act of giving approval
blink: shut eyes briefly; wink
block: hinder; obstruct; indicate broadly without great detail; sketch
bloom: flower; blossom; best time of youth; period of greatest prosperity or productivity
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blossom: reproductive organ of plants, especially one having showy or colorful parts
blot: spot or stain, as of ink on paper; blur; weak point or failing
blunder: serious mistake typically caused by ignorance or confusion
blunt: having a dull edge or end; not sharp; lacking in feeling; insensitive
blush: become rosy or reddish; turn red, as if in embarrassment or shame
board: a committee having supervisory powers; a flat piece of material designed for a special
purpose
boarding: wooden boards collectively; act of entering a ship; supplying with meals and lodgings for
pay
boast: show off oneself; speak of with excessive pride
bodyguard: guard to protect or defend person; lifeguard
boil: be agitated; pass from a liquid to vapor when heated; be excited with passion; heat in water
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bold: brave; daring; intrepid; impudent
bolt: dash or dart off; move or jump suddenly
bond: link; connection; uniting force or tie; binding agreement; duty
bonus: an extra dividend to the shareholders; money paid in addition to a stated compensation
bookcase: case with shelves for holding books, especially one with glazed doors
boom: bonanza; prosperity; prosper; expand; flourish
booming: deep and resonant; flourishing; thriving
boost: raise; advance; push or shove upward
booth: house or shed built for temporary occupation; covered stall or temporary structure
border: outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden; margin; verge; brink; boundary
bore: drill; make a hole in or through, with or as if with a drill
boring: uninteresting and tiresome; dull
bother: annoy; trouble; make agitated or nervous; fluster
bounce: jolt; rebound after having struck an object or a surface
bound: tied; held; committed; limit; constraint; leap; jump
boundary: dividing line; border; frontier
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bourgeois: middle class; selfishly materialistic; dully conventional
bow: inclination of head, or bending of body for reverence, respect, civility, or submission; bending or
rounded part of ship forward
bowl: throw or roll a ball; move quickly and smoothly, especially by rolling
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boycott: refrain from buying or using
brace: something which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly, as bandage, cord, or rod;
brain: organ or seat of intellect; understanding or imagination
brake: a piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction
brand: burning piece of wood; mark made by burning with a hot iron; distinctive mark upon in any
way
breach: breaking of contract or duty
breadth: measure or dimension from side to side; width; extent
break: opportunity to do something; pause or interval, as from work; sudden change
breakdown: process of failing to function or continue; sudden collapse in physical or mental health;
summary of itemized data
breakthrough: act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction
breath: air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration
breathe: respire; inhale and exhale air
breed: raise; produce offspring; give birth to or hatch; mate
breeze: light current of air; gentle wind; progress swiftly and effortlessly
bribe: something serving to influence or persuade; reward or gift with a view to prevent judgment
bridle: headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins
brief: short in time, duration, length, or extent; concise
brighten: lighten; cheer; encourage; make or become bright or brighter
brilliance: cleverness; magnificence
brilliant: full of light; shining; bright; sharp and clear in tone
brim: brink; edge
brink: edge, margin, or border of a steep place verge
brisk: marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; swift; keen or sharp in speech or manner
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brittle: easily broken; having little elasticity
broadcast: message that is transmitted by radio or television; radio or television show
broaden: widen; grow broad or broader
brochure: pamphlet; small book usually having paper cover
bronze: an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements
brood: think long and anxiously; be in a state of gloomy, serious thought
brook: creek; stream
brown: of dark color, of various shades between black and red or yellow
bruise: injure, as by a blow or collision; contuse; fight with the fists
brutal: like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; merciless
brute: not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence
bubble: foam; dome-shaped covering made of transparent glass or plastic; fantastic or impracticable
idea or belief
bucket: vessel for drawing up water from a well; vessel for hoisting and conveying coal, ore, grain
bud: one that is not yet fully developed; sprout
budget: estimate; a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose
buffet: table with food set out for people to serve themselves; meal at which people help themselves
to food that's been set out
bug: general name applied to various insects
bulb: rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball
bulk: majority; main part; volume; mass
bulky: of large size for its weight
bull: male of any species of cattle; large, strong, and aggressive person; optimist regarding business
conditions
bulletin: brief statement of facts; any public notice or announcement; a periodical publication
bullion: gold and silver in the form of bars
bump: impact as from a collision; lump on the body caused by a blow
bunch: clump; cluster; gathering
bundle: packet; a package of things tied together; a large sum of money
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burdensome: not easily borne; wearing; causing uneasiness or fatigue
bureaucracy: over-regulated administrative system
burial: grave or tomb; ritual placing of a corpse in a grave; concealing something under the ground
bush: place abounding in trees or shrubs; wild forest
business: rightful concern or responsibility; occupation, work, or trade in which a person is engaged;
commercial enterprise
butcher: one whose job is to kill animals for food; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual
cruelty
butter: oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by churning
butterfly: insect typically having a slender body with broad colorful wings
buzz: confusion of activity and gossip; sound of rapid vibration
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bygone: past; gone by
bypass: channel used to conduct gas or liquid around another pipe or a fixture; conductor having low
resistance in parallel
by-product: product made during the manufacture of something else
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C
cab: taxi; one-horse vehicle for public hire
cabin: small room on a ship or boat where people sleep
cabinet: group of persons appointed by a head of state or a prime minister; hut; cottage; small house;
small room; closet
cable: very strong thick rope made of twisted steel or metal wire
cafe: coffee house; restaurant where coffee and liquors are served
cafeteria: restaurant where you serve yourself and pay a cashier
calculate: compute; determine; estimate
calculation: planning something carefully and intentionally
calendar: orderly arrangement as years, months, weeks, and days; a table showing months, weeks,
and days
calm: freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; tranquility; stillness; quiet; serenity
calorie: unit of heat; unit of heat equal to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1
kilogram of water by 1 degree
campaign: battle ;a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end
campus: field where the buildings of a university are situated
canal: artificial channel filled with water; tube or duct
canary: pale yellowish color; wine made in the Canary Islands; canary bird; quick and lively dance
cancel: revoke; call off; omit or delete
cancellation: act of cancelling; calling off some arrangement
candid: straightforward; frank; free from prejudice; impartial
candidate: person who is considered for something; person who seeks or is nominated for an office,
prize, or honor
cane: any plant with long, hard, elastic stems; walking stick
cannon: great gun; firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force
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canon: law or rule; decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority; books
of the Bible officially accepted; a group of literary works
canteen: vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other drink; snack bar or small
cafeteria, as on a military installation
canvas: heavy closely woven fabric; background against which events unfold, as in a historical
narrative
canvass: determine votes; examine carefully or discuss thoroughly; scrutinize
capability: quality of being capable; capacity; skill
capable: having the ability required for a specific task
capacity: mental or physical ability; ability to accommodate
cape: piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into the sea or a lake; sleeveless
outer garment
capital: wealth in form of money or property; assets available for use; city that is the official seat of
government
caption: title; chapter heading; text under illustration
captive: prisoner taken by force; one kept in power of another; one charmed or subdued by beauty,
excellence, or affection
capture: act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior power; thing taken by force,
surprise, or stratagem
card: flat, rectangular piece of stiff paper, cardboard, or plastic; business card; credit card
cardinal: chief; serving as an essential component
career: profession or occupation; individual’s work and life roles over their lifespan
careful: full of care; anxious; solicitous; taking care; giving good heed; watchful; cautious
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careless: negligent; taking insufficient care
cargo: freight carried by a ship, an aircraft, or another vehicle
carol: round dance; a song of joy; song of praise or joy, especially for Christmas
carpenter: skilled worker who makes, finishes, and repairs wooden objects and structures
carrier: one that carries or conveys; messenger
carrot: root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color
carry: convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; hold or support while moving;
bear
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cart: common name for various kinds of vehicles; two-wheeled vehicle; light business wagon
carton: pasteboard for paper boxes; pasteboard box
cartoon: design or study drawn of full size to serve as a model for transferring or copying; drawing
depicting a humorous situation
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carve: cut; sculpt
carving: cutting away parts to create a desired shape
cash: money paid at the time of purchase; money in the form of bills or coins; currency
cashier: one who has charge of money; cash keeper
cassette: container that holds a magnetic tape used for recording or playing sound or video
cast: assign the roles of; choose at random
casual: informal; purposeless; occurring by chance
casualty: serious or fatal accident; someone injured or killed in an accident
catalyst: agent which brings about chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged
catastrophe: calamity; disaster; state of extreme ruin and misfortune
catch: capture or seize, especially after a chase; take by or as if by trapping; reach just in time
category: group; class; collection of things sharing a common attribute
cater: supply what is needed or desired; provide food professionally for special occasion
cathedral: church; temple
catholic: broadly sympathetic; universal; related to Roman Catholic Church
cause: something produces a result; basis for an action or response; a reason
caution: care; being attentive to possible danger
cautious: conservative; careful
cavalry: part of military force which serves on horseback
cavern: cave; large underground chamber, as in a cave
cavity: hole; cavern; hollow area within the body
cease: stop; terminate; put an end to; discontinue
celebrate: praise; assign great social importance to
cell: any small compartment
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cellar: room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground
cement: any substances used for making bodies adhere to each other; bond of union
cemetery: place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; graveyard
censor: overseer of morals; official responsible for removal of objectionable or sensitive content
centigrade: measure of temperature, used widely in Europe
cereal: grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food.
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ceremonial: ritual; ceremony or rite
ceremony: formal act or set of acts performed as prescribed by ritual or custom
certainty: quality or condition of being certain; fact or truth unquestionable established; clearness
certificate: document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts; document issued to a person
completing a course
certify: give certain information to; assure; make certain
chalk: soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or yellowish white color, used as a drawing
implement
challenge: assert a right; raise a formal objection; take exception to
chamber: cell; compartment; room
champion: protect or fight for as first place
championship: status of being a champion; position or title of a winner
channel: passage for water or other fluids to flow through; bed of a stream or river; route of
communication or access
chaos: disorder; condition or place of great disorder or confusion; disorderly mass
chap: crack, as in earth surface; splitting of skin, caused by cold or exposure; one of the jaws or
cheeks; man or boy
chapter: division of a book or treatise; assembly of monks; bishop's council; organized branch of
some society
character: part; nature; description of a person's attributes, traits, or abilities
characteristic: feature that helps to identify, tell apart, or describe recognizably; a distinguishing
mark or trait
characterize: distinguish; be characteristic of; be a distinctive trait or mark of
charcoal: a stick of black carbon material used for drawing; a very dark gray color
charge: set or ask for a certain price; load to capacity; fill; instruct or urge authoritatively; command
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charity: activity or gift that benefits the public at large
charm: power or quality of pleasing or delighting; attractiveness; item worn for its supposed magical
benefit
chart: graph; diagram; map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to
navigators
charter: license; authorize; hold under a lease or rental agreement of goods and services
chase: pursue for the purpose of killing or taking; hunt; follow as if to catch
chat: talk without exchanging too much information; informal conversation
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check: stop motion; curb or restrain
cheer: lightness of spirits or mood; source of joy or happiness; festive food and drink; refreshment
cheque: written order directing a bank to pay money
cherish: harbor; treasure; treat with affection and tenderness; hold dear
chew: bite and grind with the teeth
chief: highest in office or rank; principal; head
chill: cool; freeze
chilly: cold
chin: central forward portion of the lower jaw; bottom of face
chip: cut small pieces from; diminish or reduce to shape; break or crack
choke: breathe with great difficulty, as when experiencing a strong emotion; reduce the air supply
chop: hew; cut by striking with a heavy sharp tool, such as an ax
chorus: any utterance produced simultaneously by a group
circle: round; something shaped like such a ring; group of people sharing an interest, activity, or
achievement
circuit: electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow
circular: round; shaped like or nearly like a circle
circulate: move through a space, circuit or system, returning to the starting point
circulation: spread or transmission of something to a wider group or area
circumference: boundary line of a circle, figure, area, or object
circumstance: situation; condition; detail accompanying or surrounding an event
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circus: public entertainment of performances by acrobats, clowns, and trained animals
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cite: quote; adduce as an instance
citizenship: status of a citizen with rights and duties
civil: having to do with citizens or the state; courteous and polite
civilization: culture
claim: demand for something as rightful or due
clamp: any of various devices used to join, grip, support, or compress mechanical or structural parts
clap: applaud; slap; strike together with a sharp sound, as one hard surface on another
clarification: process of making things clearer or easier to understand
clarify: make clear and comprehensible; elucidate
clash: make noise by striking against something; dash noisily together; meet in opposition
clasp: fastening device; firm grip
classic: work of acknowledged excellence and authority, or its author; creation of the highest
excellence
classical: of recognized authority or excellence
classification: assigning to a class or category
classify: declare unavailable, as for security reasons; arrange or order by classes or categories
clause: sentence; phrase; distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document
clay: very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired
clear: out of the way; completely away
clearance: act of clearing; space cleared; permission to proceed or trust
clench: close tightly; grasp or grip tightly; fasten with a clinch
client: someone who pays to get goods or services
clientele: clients of professional person; body of customers or patrons
climate: weather condition; atmosphere; environment
climax: upward movement; steady increase; the highest point; the greatest degree
cling: hold fast or adhere to something; stick together and resist separation; remain emotionally
clinic: healthcare facility for outpatient care
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clip: small section of filmed or filed material
clockwise: in the direction that the hands of a clock move
closet: small room or apartment; room for privacy
clue: a ball of thread or cord; thread; something guides or directs anything of a doubtful or intricate
nature
clumsy: awkward; showing lack of skill or aptitude
cluster: group; bunch; group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely
clutch: grasp and hold tightly; attempt to grasp or seize
coach: tutor; teacher; a vehicle carrying many passengers
coarse: rough; harsh; of low, common, or inferior quality
code: body of law; system of rules or regulations relating to one subject; system of symbols, letters,
or words
codify: arrange laws, rules as a code; classify; arrange or systematize
coherence: logical and orderly and consistent relation of parts; state of cohering or sticking together
coherent: adhesive; cohesive; sticking together ; logical; sound; capable of thinking and expressing
yourself in a clear and consistent manner
cohesion: tendency to keep together
cohesive: cohering or tending to cohere; well integrated
coil: a series of connected spirals or concentric rings formed by gathering or winding; spiral pipe or
series of spiral pipes
coin: make pieces of money from metal; invent or fabricate
coinage: coins collectively
coincide: occur at the same time as; correspond
coincidence: two or more things occurring at the same time by chance
coincident: concerning; simultaneous
collaborate: work together, especially in a joint intellectual effort
collaboration: act of working together; act of cooperating with an enemy, especially it occupying
one's own country
collapse: breakdown; failure
colleague: fellow worker; associate; co-worker
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collective: common; assembled into or viewed as a whole
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collide: bump; hit; conflict
collision: crash; conflict of opposed ideas or attitudes or goals
colonel: a commissioned military officer
colonial: of or relating to or characteristic of or inhabiting a colony
colony: region politically controlled by a distant country; a dependency; a community of social
insects, as ants, bees
column: pillar; cylindrical or polygonal support for roof; anything resembling, in form or position;
upright body or mass
combat: struggle as with an opposing force; fight with
combination: blend; union
combine: blend; fuse; merge
comedy: light and humorous drama with a happy ending
comic: arousing or provoking laughter; ridiculous; amusing; humorous
commander: chief; leader
commandment: order or injunction given by authority; command; charge; act of commanding;
exercise of authority
commemorate: serve as a memorial to; honor the memory of with a ceremony
commence: have a beginning or origin; originate; start; begin
commend: commit, intrust, or give in charge for care or preservation; recommend as worthy of
confidence or regard
comment: express an opinion; remark
commerce: trade; business; intellectual exchange or social interaction
commercial: money-making; involved in work that is intended for the mass market
commission: fee for services; group of people appointed to find out about something; authorize
commit: do something that cannot be changed; cause to be admitted
commitment: pledge, undertaking; act of binding yourself to a course of action
committee: special group delegated to consider some matter
commodity: goods; article of trade; advantage; benefit.
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commonplace: ordinary; having no remarkable features
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commonsense: exhibiting native good judgment
communicate: send information about; make known; impart; reveal clearly
communication: activity of communicating; activity of conveying information
community: society; a group of people living in the same locality and under the same government
compact: closely and firmly united or packed together; briefly giving gist of something
companion: associate; partner
company: team; guard team; group of persons; business enterprise
comparable: similar or equivalent; being of equal regard; worthy to be ranked with
comparative: relative; based on, or involving comparison
comparatively: relatively; in comparison
compare: examine and note the similarities or differences of
compass: go about or entirely round; make the circuit of; enclose on all sides; surround
compatible: harmonious; having similar disposition and tastes
compel: force; coerce; necessitate or pressure by force
compensate: make amends for; reimburse
compensation: something given or received as payment as for a service or loss or injury
compete: contest; fight
competent: capable; adept
competition: struggle; rivalry; act of competing as for profit or a prize
competitive: of or pertaining to competition; producing competition; showing a fighting disposition
competitiveness: an aggressive willingness to compete
competitor: one who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who competes;
rival
compile: put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources
complain: make a formal accusation; bring a formal charge
complaint: expression of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment; criticism
complement: complete; consummate; make perfect
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complex: complicated in structure; a whole structure, as a building, made up of interconnected or
related structures
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complexity: complication
compliance: readiness to yield; happy friendly agreement
complicated: difficult to analyze or understand
compliment: praise; commendation; say something to someone that expresses praise
complimentary: expressing of praise, admiration, or congratulation; given free to repay a favor or as
an act of courtesy
comply: yield assent; accord; agree, or acquiesce; adapt one's self; fulfill; accomplish
component: element; ingredient; abstract part of something
compose: write; create; make or create by putting together parts or elements
composite: made up of distinct parts or elements; compounded
composition: makeup; constitution; writing; essay
compound: combine; mix; constitute; pay interest; increase
comprehend: take in the meaning, nature, or importance of; grasp
comprehension: grasp; ability to understand
comprehensive: thorough; including all or everything; broad in scope
compress: close; squeeze or press together; contract
compression: applying pressure; encoding information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required
comprise: include; consist of; be composed of
compromise: adjust or settle by making mutual concessions; endanger the interests or reputation of
compulsory: mandatory; obligatory; required by rule
computation: calculation
compute: reckon; make mathematical calculation
conceal: keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; secrete
concede: admit; yield; give up physical control of another
conceit: overly high self-esteem; feelings of excessive pride
conceited: endowed with fancy or imagination; entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; vain
conceive: form or develop in the mind; devise; become pregnant with; begin or originate in a specific
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way
concentrate: bring to or direct toward a common center; unite more closely; gather into one body
concept: something formed in the mind; thought or notion
conception: beginning; forming of an idea; act of conceiving
concern: interest in any person or thing; regard; solicitude; anxiety
concert: performance of music by players or singers not involving theatrical staging; harmony; accord
concerted: planned or accomplished together; combined
concession: act of yielding; point yielded; acknowledgment or admission
concise: brief and compact; expressing much in few words
conclude: enclose; reach as an end of reasoning; make final determination ; judge or decide; bring to
an end
conclusive: definitive; decisive; final
concrete: solid mass; covering with cement; hard, strong construction material consisting of sand,
conglomerate , and gravel
concurrent: simultaneous; coincident; occurring or operating at the same time
condemn: blame; denounce; express strong disapproval of
condemnation: blame
condensation: compression
condense: change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops; compress or concentrate
condenser: lens used to concentrate light on an object; an apparatus that converts vapor into liquid
condition: mode or state of being; fitness; existing circumstances
conduct: direct the course of; manage or control; lead or guide
conductor: a device designed to transmit electricity, heat; person who collects fares on a public
conveyance
cone: a shape whose base is a circle and whose sides taper up to a point
confer: bestow; present; have a conference in order to talk something over
conference: meeting for consultation or discussion; exchange of views
confess: acknowledge; admit
confession: public declaration of faith
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confide: disclose; reveal; tell in confidence
confidence: feeling secure or certain about something
confident: assured; having or marked by assurance
confidential: treated with confidence; trusted in; trustworthy; secret
confine: restrict in movement; circumscribe
confinement: state of being confined; restraint within limits; any restraint of liberty by force
confirm: support or establish the certainty or validity of; verify
confirmation: additional proof that something that was believed
conflict: fight; struggle; incompatibility of dates or events
conform: comply with; follow; fit; meet
conformity: similarity in form or character; agreement
confront: be face to face with; oppose in hostility or competition; deal with
confrontation: state of being confronted, especially a meeting face to face; clash of opinions and
ideas
confuse: cause to be unable to think with clarity or act with intelligence or understanding; mix up
confusion: mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; lack of clarity or order
congestion: act of gathering or heaping together or forming a mass
congratulation: act of acknowledging that someone has an occasion for celebration
congress: meeting of elected or appointed representatives
congressman: man who is a member of the U.S. Congress, especially of the House of
Representatives
conjunction: state of being conjoined, united, or associated; union; association; league
connect: join, or fasten together; associate; combine; unite or link together
connection: relation between things or events; shifting from one form of transportation to another
conquer: gain or acquire by force; take possession of by violent means; gain dominion over
conquest: success in mastering something difficult
conscience: motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles; source of moral or ethical
judgment
conscientious: diligent; responsible; reliable
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conscious: awake; alert
consciousness: having knowledge of ; special awareness or sensitivity:
consecutive: following one after another without interruption; sequential
consent: agree in opinion or sentiment; be of the same mind; accord; concur; allow
consequence: result; relation of a result to its cause; logical conclusion or inference
consequently: therefore; as a result or consequence of something; subsequently
conservation: preservation or restoration from loss, damage, or neglect
conservative: favoring traditional views and values; tending to oppose change
considerable: worthy of consideration; large in amount, extent, or degree
considerably: substantially; significantly; to a degree worth considering
considerate: thoughtful; marked by consideration or reflection; deliberate
consideration: considerate and thoughtful act
consign: give, transfer, or deliver in a formal manner, as if by signing over into the possession of
another
consist: stand firm; be in a fixed or permanent state; be supported and maintained
consistency: harmonious uniformity or agreement among things or parts
consistent: being in agreement with itself; coherent; regular
console: cheer from distress or depression; alleviate grief and raise spirits of; relieve; comfort
consolidate: make solid; unite or press together into a compact mass; harden or make dense and
firm
consonant: compatible; harmonious
conspicuous: noticeable; prominent; easy to notice; obvious
conspiracy: plot; intrigue; agreement to perform together an illegal, wrongful, or subversive act
constant: invariable; repeating; continually occurring; persistent
constantly: in an unchangeable or invariable manner; in every case; perpetually; continually
constituent: component or part; citizen, voter
constitute: make up; form something
constitution: law determining the fundamental political principles of a government; the act of forming
something
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constraint: something that restricts or confines within prescribed bounds
construct: form by assembling or combining parts; build; create
construction: act of constructing or building something
consult: seek advice or information of; take into account; consider
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consultant: an expert who gives advice
consume: devour; eat
consumer: people who buy goods or services
consumption: eating or drinking of something
contact: get in touch with; reach
contain: include; incorporate; be capable of holding
container: any object that can be used to hold things
contemplate: look at attentively and thoughtfully; observe deep in thought
contemplation: act of the mind in considering with attention; continued attention of the mind to a
particular subject; meditation; expectation
contemporary: modern; belonging to the same period of time
contempt: state of being despised or dishonored; disgrace; disobedience to, or open disrespect of
contemptuous: scornful; expressing contempt; showing a lack of respect
content: volume; something contained; material, including text and images
contest: contend for; call in question; oppose; dispute
context: circumstance
continent: one of the large landmasses of the earth
continental: being or concerning or limited to a continent
contingency: condition of being dependent on chance; uncertainty; possibility
contract: constrict; make smaller; compress or concentrate
contradict: confront; oppose
contradiction: assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial of the truth of a
statement or assertion
contrary: relation of direct opposition; very opposed in nature or character or purpose
contrast: act of distinguishing by comparing differences
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contribute: provide; bestow a quality on
contribution: act of contributing; contribution; payment exacted for special purpose; impost or levy
controversial: controvertible; disputable
controversy: contentious speech act; argument
convenience: state of being suitable
convenient: suited or favorable to one's comfort, purpose, or needs:; near; accessible
convention: social or moral custom; formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates;
agreement between states
conventional: based upon tradition rules; formed by agreement or compact
conversant: familiar, as by study or experience; able to converse knowledgeably
conversation: general course of conduct; intimate fellowship or association; close acquaintance;
informal dialogue
converse: chat; talk informally; engage in a spoken exchange of thoughts
conversely: in a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally.
conversion: change; transformation
convert: change something into another form; transform
convey: carry from one place to another; bear or transport
conveyance: act of conveying; tools of conveying, especially vehicle for transportation
convict: find or declare guilty
conviction: judgment that someone is guilty of crime; strongly held belief
convince: overpower; force to yield assent to truth; satisfy by proof; prove guilty
convinced: certain, sure
cooperate: work or act together toward a common end or purpose
cooperation: practice of cooperating; joint operation or action
cooperative: done with or working with others
coordinate: bring order and organization to; harmonize
coordination: regulation of diverse elements into an integrated and harmonious operation
cordial: gracious; showing warm and friendliness
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core: basic, center, or most important part; essence
cork: lightweight elastic outer bark, used especially for bottle closures, insulation, floats
corn: single seed of certain plants, as wheat; grain; small, hard particle
corner: position at which two lines, surfaces, or edges meet and form an angle
corporate: united or combined into one body; collective; belonging to corporation or incorporated
body
corporation: business firm; a group of people combined into or acting as one body
correlate: relate; associate; bring into a mutual relation
correlation: mutual relationship; interdependence or interconnection relationship
correspond: be compatible, similar or consistent; exchange messages
correspondence: similarity or analogy; communication by the exchange of letters
correspondent: one who communicates information, especially, by letter or telegram to newspaper
or periodical
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corresponding: accompanying
corrode: destroy metal or alloy gradually, especially by chemical action; be eaten or worn away
corrosion: decay; erosion
corrupt: changed from sound to putrid state; spoiled; tainted
corruption: bribery; fraud
cosmic: pertaining to the universe; vast
cosmopolitan: sophisticated; of worldwide scope
cosmos: universe or universality of created things; ordered, harmonious whole
couch: sofa; arrange or dispose as in a bed
counsel: advise; suggest
countenance: give sanction or support to; tolerate or approve
counter: flat surface on which money is counted, business is transacted; one that is an opposite
countermand: cancel; revoke command or order; order or direct in opposition to; prohibit; forbid
counterpart: duplicate copy; analogue; one that closely resembles another
countless: innumerable; infinite; too many to count
couple: a male and female associated together; a pair who associate with one another
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court: enclosed space; courtyard; uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building
courteous: exhibiting courtesy and politeness; showing regard or thought for others
courtesy: polite behavior; act of civility or respect; consent or agreement in spite of fact
cover: overspread the surface; envelop; shelter, as from evil or danger; protect
coverage: extent to which something is covered; news as presented by reporters
coward: person who lacks courage to face danger; timid
crab: a stroke of the oar that either misses the water or digs too deeply
crack: break into simpler molecules by means of heat; split; hit forcefully; pass through
cradle: small low bed for an infant, often furnished with rockers; infancy, or very early life
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craft: something made by people; vessel
crash: smash; collision; falling down or in pieces with a loud noise of breaking parts
crate: large basket, used for moving china or similar wares; box or case whose sides are of wooden
slats with interspaces
crave: ask with earnestness or importunity; ask with submission or humility; beg
crawl: move slowly, as people or animals with the body near the ground
crazy: affected with madness; insane; deranged
create: make or cause to be or to become; invest with a new thing
creation: act of creating or causing to exist
credit: arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for a client to
borrow
creek: small stream, often a shallow tributary to a river; brook
creep: move slowly; move stealthily or cautiously
crew: group of people working together, as in spacecraft, ship, plane or train
cricket: outdoor game played with bats, a ball, and wickets by two teams of 11 players each
criminal: one who has committed a crime; one who is found guilty by verdict, confession, or proof
crimson: bloody
cripple: person or animal that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limb
crisis: dangerous situation; crucial or decisive point or situation; a turning point
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crisp: firm but easily broken or crumbled; brittle
critical: urgently needed; absolutely necessary; essential; acute; crucial; decisive
crook: bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure
crooked: having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned; curved
crop: the top, end, or highest part of anything, especially of plant or tree; grain or other product of
field while standing; anything cut off or gathered
crossing: traveling across; place at which roads, lines, or tracks intersect; intersection
crouch: bend down; stoop low; lie close to the ground with the legs bent, as an animal when waiting
for prey, or in fear
crown: ornamental circlet or head covering, made of gold with jewels and worn as a symbol of
sovereignty
crude: being in an unrefined or natural state; raw; lacking tact or taste; blunt or offensive
cruise: sail back and forth on the ocean; sail as for protection of commerce, in search of an enemy,
or for pleasure
crumb: small fragment or piece, especially, a small piece of bread or other food; broken or cut off
crumble: break into small pieces; cause to fall in pieces
crush: press between opposing bodies so as to break or injure; extract or obtain by pressing or
squeezing
crust: outer layer ; covering; coat; shell
crystal: quartz; glassware made of quartz; high-quality, clear, colorless glass
cube: three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides; cubicle, used for work or study
cubic: having three dimensions
cubism: an artistic movement in France beginning in 1907 that featured surfaces of geometrical
planes
cucumber: cylindrical green fruit with thin green rind and white flesh eaten as a vegetable; related to
melons
cultivate: improve and prepare, as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; promote the growth of
cultivation: production of food by preparing the land to grow crops
culture: all the knowledge and values shared by a society ; foster; raising of plants or animals
cunning: knowing; skillful; artful; designing; deceitful
cupboard: a small room or cabinet used for storage space
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curb: bend or curve; guide and manage, or restrain
cure: medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of disease; removal of disease or evil
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curiosity: desire to know or learn
curious: difficult to please or satisfy; careful or anxious to learn; eager for knowledge; given to
research or inquiry
curl: form into coiled or spiral shape; twist into ringlets or coils; move in curve or spiral
currency: money; general acceptance or use
current: stream; flow; up-to-date; present
currently: presently; at the present time
curse: call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon; bring great evil upon
curtail: cut short or reduce; cut off end or tail, or any part
curve: bend or turn gradually from a given direction, as road curves to the right
cushion: soft pillow or pad usually used for sitting, reclining, or kneeling
custody: keeping or guarding; care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation, or security
custom: tradition; practice followed by people of a particular group or region
customary: agreeing with or established by common usage; conventional; habitual
customer: patron; one that buys goods or services
customs: money collected under a tariff
cycle: periodically repeated sequence of events; long period of time; entire round in a circle or a spire
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D
dagger: knife; short pointed weapon with sharp edges
dainty: delicately beautiful or charming; exquisite; gratification or pleasure taken in anything
dairy: place where milk is produced, kept, or converted into butter or cheese
dam: barrier to prevent the flow of liquid, especially built across a water course
damp: humid; moist; slightly wet
dangerous: full of risk; perilous; hazardous; unsafe
daring: bold; brave
dart: move suddenly and rapidly
dash: throw with violence or haste; break, as by throwing or by collision; form or sketch rapidly
data: collection of facts, observations, or other information related to a particular question or problem
date: mark the time of; assign a date to
dawn: time each morning at which daylight first begins; beginning; start
dazzle: overpower with light; confuse the sight of by brilliance of light; bewilder or surprise with
brilliancy
dazzling: bright; brilliant
deadly: fatal; lethal; causing or tending to cause death
deaf: unable to perceive sounds; hard of hearing; unwilling to hear or listen; regardless; not to be
persuaded
deal: part or portion; share; indefinite quantity, degree, or extent, degree, or extent; distribution;
arrangement
dean: dignitary or presiding officer; head in the faculty of some colleges or universities
debate: discussion; dispute; discussion involving opposing points
debt: liability; obligation; money or goods or services owed by one person to another
decade: a group or division of ten, especially a period of ten years
decay: decompose; break sown; disintegration; rottenness; decline; worsen; decadence
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deceit: attempt or disposition to deceive or lead into error; any declaration, artifice, or practice, which
misleads another, or causes him to believe what is false
deceive: fool; cause to believe what is not true; mislead
decent: suitable; modest.; honorable; meeting accepted standards
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deception: act of deceiving
decimal: of tens; numbered or proceeding by tens; based on ten
deck: a pack of 52 cards; any of various floor-like platforms built into a vessel
declaration: announcement; explicit statement; formal public statement
declare: state clearly; make known formally or officially
decline: change toward something smaller or lower ; gradual falling off from a better state
decompose: decay
decorate: adorn; embellish
decoration: act of decorating something; something used to beautify
decorative: ornamental; embellishing; serving an esthetic rather than a useful purpose
decrease: lessen; reduce; make a quantity smaller
decree: order from one having authority; decision, order, or sentence by court
dedicate: set apart; devoted; consecrated
deduce: lead forth; reach a conclusion by reasoning; trace the origin or derivation of
deduct: lead forth or out; take away, separate, or remove, in numbering, estimating, or calculating;
subtract
deed: something that is carried out; act or action; feat or exploit
deem: decide; judge; sentence; condemn
default: failure to act; an option that is selected automatically
defeat: disfigure; destroy; frustrate; overcome or vanquish; resist with
defect: abandon or turn against; cease or change one's loyalty
defective: having a defect; faulty; imperfect; incomplete; lacking
defence: act of defending against attack, danger, or injury
defend: make or keep safe from danger, attack, or harm
defer: delay till later; put off; hold back to a later time
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defiance: refusal to yield; readiness to contend or resist
deficiency: scarcity; lack or shortage, especially of something essential to health
deficient: inadequate; lacking an essential quality or element
deficit: inadequacy or insufficiency; sum of money falls short of required amount; shortage
define: determine the nature of; give a definition; describe the nature or basic qualities of; explain
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definite: fixed; exact; having distinct limits
definitely: unequivocally; clearly; without question and beyond doubt
definition: clarity of outline; concise explanation
definitive: final; complete; precisely defined or explicit
deflate: reduce from an inflated condition; release contained air or gas from
deflect: turn aside; draw someone's attention away from something
deform: change shape by stress; become misshapen; make formless
deformation: alteration in the shape or dimensions; a change for the worse
defray: paycosts of; undertake payment of; make compensation to or for
defy: renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; provoke to combat or strife
degradation: humiliation; debasement; decline to a lower condition, quality, or level
degrade: reduce level; lower grade of something
delay: act later than planned; put off; adjournment
delegate: person authorized to act as representative for another; deputy
delete: erase; strike out; remove or make invisible
deliberate: consider; think about carefully; weigh
deliberately: intentionally; purposely; with careful consideration or deliberation; with full intent;
delicate: pleasing to the senses, especially in a subtle way; easily hurt; very subtle in difference
delicious: extremely pleasing to the sense of taste; greatly pleasing or entertaining
delinquency: failure or omission of duty; fault; misdeed; offense or crime
delinquent: failing in duty; offending by neglect of duty.
deliver: set free from restraint; set at liberty; release; give or transfer
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delusion: false belief; mistaken or unfounded opinion
democracy: a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect
people to represent them
demolish: raze; destroy; do away with completely; put an end to
demolition: act of overthrowing, pulling down, or destroying
demonstrate: show clearly and deliberately; manifest; confirm; prove
demonstration: proof; act of showing or making evident
denial: act of refusing or disowning; negation; refusal to admit the truth; refusal to grant; rejection of a
request
denomination: class, society, or collection of individuals called by the same name; specifically, a
religious sect
denote: indicate; signify directly; refer to specifically
denounce: condemn openly; criticize; make known in formal manner
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dense: thick; crowded closely together; compact
density: thickness; quantity of something per unit measure, especially per unit length, area, or
volume
dent: cavity; a depression scratched or carved into a surface
dentist: a person qualified to practice dentistry
deny: disagree with; refuse; declare untrue
depart: take off; leave; set out
departure: act of departing
dependable: reliable; worthy of being depended on; trustworthy
dependence: reliance; lack of independence or self-sufficiency
dependent: relying on or requiring the aid of another for support
depict: represent in a picture or sculpture; portray in words; describe
deplete: decrease fullness of; use up or empty out
deposit: money given as a guarantee or security
deposition: testimony under oath; act of depositing, especially laying down of matter by natural
process
depreciate: lessen price or value of; think or speak of as being of little worth; belittle
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depreciation: devaluation; decrease in price or value
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depress: lower in spirits; press down
depressed: sad; gloomy; low in spirits; dejected
depression: recession; economic slump; concavity in a surface produced by pressing ; sadness; low
spirits
deprive: deny; take away
deputy: one appointed as the substitute of another, and empowered to act for him; substitute in office
derive: obtain or receive from a source; trace the origin or development of
descend: move downward and lower; come from; be connected by a relationship of blood
descendant: offspring; person considered as descended from some ancestor or race
descent: ancestry; origin; the descendants of one individual; drop; fall; a movement downward
description: act of describing; sketch or account of anything in words
desert: area with little or no vegetation; forsake; abandon
deserve: be worthy of; have a right to
design: act of working out the form of something; creation of something in the mind; formulate a plan
for
designate: indicate or specify; point out; assign a name or title to
desirable: worthwhile; worth doing or achieving; advisable
desire: anything which is longing for
desolate: unpopulated; providing no shelter or sustenance; devoid of inhabitants
despair: loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency
desperate: having lost all hope; dangerous; extremely intense
despise: dislike intensely; regard with contempt or scorn
despite: lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike; disdain, contemptuous feelings,
hatred
dessert: a dish served as the last course of meal
destination: ultimate goal; place to which one is going or directed
destine: decree or designate beforehand; fate
destiny: event that will inevitably happen in the future
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destruction: havoc; event that completely destroys something
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destructive: devastating; ruinous
detach: part; separate or disunite; disengage
detain: keep back or from; withhold; restrain from proceeding; stay or stop; delay
detect: feel; discover the presence of; identify
detection: act of detecting; being open what was concealed or hidden; discovery
detective: investigator; one, usually of police force, who investigates crimes and obtains evidence
deteriorate: become worse; decline
determination: act of making or arriving at a decision; putting an end to; termination
determine: fix the boundaries of; mark off and separate; set bounds to; decide conclusively and
authoritatively
detour: a turning; circuitous route; deviation from a direct course
detriment: harm; damage; injury; something that causes damage, harm, or loss
detrimental: causing damage or harm; injurious
deviate: turn away from a principle, norm; depart; diverge
device: technique or means; instrument; machine used to perform one or more relatively simple tasks
devise: form, plan, or arrange in the mind; transmit or give by will
devote: dedicate; contribute
devotion: faithfulness; ardent, often selfless affection and dedication
devour: consume; eat greedily; destroy completely
diagnose: analyze; examine; identify
diagnosis: art of identifying disease; critical analysis of nature of something
diagram: graph; chart; figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement; plan
dialect: vocabulary that is for a specific group of people
diameter: length of straight line passing through the center of a circle and connecting two points on
the circumference
dictate: prescribe; rule as a dictator
dictator: one who dictates; one who prescribes rules and maxims authoritatively for the direction of
others.
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diction: choice and use of words in speech or writing
diet: nutritional plan; nourishment; a prescribed selection of foods
differ: be or stand apart; disagree; be unlike; be distinguished
digest: break down; make more concise; convert food into absorbable substances
digestion: process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated
by the body
digital: of or performance to fingers, or to digits; done with the fingers
dignity: quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect.
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diligent: assiduous; industrious; hard-working
dilute: weaken; make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water
dim: emitting only a small amount of light; lacking in brightness
dime: a United States coin worth one tenth of a dollar
dimension: measure of spatial extent, especially width, height, or length; size; aspect; element
dimensional: of or relating to dimensions
diminish: dwindle; reduce; make smaller or less or to cause to appear so
dine: eat principal regular meal of the day; take dinner; give a dinner to
dingy: darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored
dip: insert into a fluid and withdraw again; immerse for baptism; wet, as if by immersing; moisten;
appear to move downward
diploma: document certifying the successful completion of a course of study
diplomacy: tact; politics; negotiation between nations
diplomat: one who uses skill and tact in dealing with others, such as an ambassador, who has been
appointed to represent a government in its relations with other governments
diplomatic: relating to diplomacy; marked by tact and sensitivity in dealing with others
disable: deprive of capability or effectiveness; unable; impair; diminish
disadvantage: drawback; defect; hinder; unfavorable condition or circumstance
disappointment: feeling of dissatisfaction
disapproval: a feeling of disliking something or what someone is doing
disaster: catastrophe; misfortune
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disastrous: extremely bad; terrible; dreadful
disc: flat round plate; circular structure either in plants or animals
discard: throw out something from one's hand; get rid of
discern: detect; perceive
discharge: relieve of a burden or of contents; unload; pour forth or release; complete or carry out;
give off
discipline: trait of being well behaved ; act of punishing ; system of rules of conduct or method of
practice
disclose: unclose; open; remove a cover or envelope from; lay open or expose to view
discomfort: distress; uneasiness; mental or bodily distress
discount: give reduction in price on
discourage: depress; take away hope from
discourse: formal, lengthy discussion of a subject; verbal exchange; conversation
discreet: free from ostentation or pretension; distinct; distinguishable
discrepancy: lack of consistency; difference
discretion: knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; trait of judging wisely and objectively
discriminate: make a clear distinction; distinguish; make sensible decisions; judge wisely
disdain: view with scorn or contempt; feel with aversion
disgrace: state of dishonor; bring shame or dishonor upon
disguise: dress or exterior put on for purposes of concealment or of deception
disgust: strong feelings of dislike; offend the taste or moral sense of
disinclined: not inclined; having a disinclination; being unwilling
disinfectant: substance which kills germs or viruses; agent for removing the causes of infection, as
chlorine
dismal: causing gloom or depression; dreary; somber; melancholy
dismay: destroy courage or resolution by exciting dread; cause to lose enthusiasm
dismiss: stop considering; end employment or service of; discharge; refuse to accept or recognize
disorder: neglect of order or system; irregularity; disturbance; sickness
disparity: difference; condition or fact of being unequal, as in age, rank, or degree
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dispatch: act of sending off something; property of being prompt and efficient; message usually sent
in haste
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dispel: scatter; drive away; cause to vanish
dispense: distribute; prepare and give out; deal out in parts or portions
disperse: move away from each other; cause to separate; cause to become widely known
displace: move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland
displacement: act of removing from office or employment
display: exhibit; present or hold up to view; show; demonstrate; give evidence of; manifest
dispose: get rid of; settle or decide a matter; place or set in a particular order; arrange
disposed: prepared; inclined; be ready; being particular condition of body or of health
disposition: natural or acquired habit with tendency; act or means of getting rid of something
dispute: argument; angry altercation; quarrel; verbal controversy; debate
disregard: ignore; discount; take no notice of
dissimilar: different; unlike
dissipate: spend or expend wastefully; vanish by dispersion; drive away; disperse
dissolve: melt; liquefy; cause to pass into solution; cause to disappear or vanish
distance: space between two objects; length of a line, especially the shortest line joining two points
or things that are separate
distant: far in space or time; cold in manner
distinct: definite; separate; different
distinction: excellence or eminence; note or mark of difference
distinctly: clear to the mind; in a distinct way
distinguish: characterize; differentiate; recognize
distinguished: prominent; celebrated, well-known or eminent because of past achievements
distort: twist out of proper or natural relation of parts; misshape; misrepresent
distortion: mistake of misrepresenting the facts
distract: cause to turn away from original focus; pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle
distraction: extreme mental or emotional disturbance; obsession; confusion of affairs; being drawn
apart
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distress: discomfort; cause strain, anxiety, or suffering to
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distribute: hand out; disseminate; allocate
distribution: act of distributing or spreading or apportioning
district: region; territory within which the lord has the power of coercing and punishing; division of
territory
disturb: upset; bother; trouble emotionally or mentally; put out of order; disarrange
disturbance: disorder; turmoil; mental or emotional unbalance or disorder
ditch: trench made in the earth by digging; any long, narrow receptacle for water on the surface of the
earth
dive: plunge, especially headfirst, into water; plummet
diver: one who works underwater
diverge: vary; go in different directions from the same point
divergence: difference; deviation; separation; the act of moving away in different direction
diverse: differing in some characteristics; various
diversion: act of turning aside; pastime; activity that relaxes or entertains
diversity: point or respect in which things differ; difference
divert: distract; withdraw money and move into a different location
divide: sever into two or more parts or pieces; separate into parts; cause to be separate
divine: perceive intuitively; foresee future; have nature of or being a deity
division: act or process of diving anything into parts; state of being divided; separation
divorce: end a marriage; legal dissolution of a marriage
dizzy: having or causing a whirling sensation
dock: deprive someone of benefits; remove or shorten the tail of an animal
doctrine: principles presented for belief, as by religious; principle of law; act of teaching; instruction
document: provide written evidence; record in detail
documentary: film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event; of or derived from
documents
documentation: confirmation that some fact or statement is true
dodge: avoid a blow by moving or shifting quickly aside; shifty or ingenious trick
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doll: small toy with human figure, normally for little child
domain: field; territory over which rule or control is exercised; networked computers that share a
common address
dome: building or house, especially as great hall, church, or temple; anything shaped like cupola
domestic: house-hold; of or relating to the home ; within the country or home
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dominant: major; important; outweighing
dominate: monopolize; command; rule; prevail; be prevalent in
donate: grant; present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute
donation: grant; act of giving to a fund or cause
doom: judgment; judicial sentence; penal decree; condemnation
dormitory: a college or university building for student living; a large bedroom where several people
sleep
dose: quantity of medicine given; sufficient quantity; portion
dot: the shorter of two telegraphic signals used in Morse code; very small circular shape
doubt: being in uncertainty as to belief respecting anything
doubtful: distrustful; skeptical; full of doubt; having doubt; not settled in opinion
doubtless: free from fear or suspicion
downtown: commercial center of a town or city
doze: slumber; sleep lightly; be in dull or stupefied condition, as if half asleep; be drowsy
draft: rough outline; draw up an outline; sketch
drag: move or bring by force or with great effort
drain: draw out; flow out; waste
drainage: emptying accomplished by draining; gradual flowing off, as of a liquid
drama: play; literary work intended for theater
dramatic: striking; sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect
dramatize: represent something in a dramatic manner; add details to
drastic: radical; taking effect violently or rapidly
draw: cause to move continuously by force applied in advance of the thing moved; pull along; haul;
drag
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drawback: disadvantage or inconvenience; shortcoming; refund or remittance, such as a discount on
duties or taxes
drawer: boxlike container in a piece of furniture, made so as to slide in and out
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drawing: creation of artistic drawings
dread: fearful or distasteful anticipation; terror; horror
dreadful: very unpleasant; distasteful or shocking
dreary: gloomy; dismal; dark, colorless, or cheerless
drench: cause to drink, especially by force; put potion down throat of; steep in moisture; wet
thoroughly
drift: float; moving aimlessly; wander
drill: bore; pierce; make a hole; practice; train
drip: process of falling in drops; liquid or moisture that falls in drops; sound made by liquid falling in
drops
drought: dry period; aridity; long period of abnormally low rainfall
drown: kill by submerging and suffocating in water; overwhelm in water; deaden one's awareness of
dubious: questionable; filled with doubt
due: owed and payable immediately or on demand; proper and appropriate; fitting
dull: lacking responsiveness or alertness; intellectually weak or obtuse
duly: as it ought to be; properly; regularly
dumb: mute; lacking the power of speech
dump: sell at artificially low prices; throw away as refuse
duplicate: one that corresponds exactly to another, especially an original; identical copy; facsimile
durable: lasting; long-lasting; enduring
duration: length of time something lasts
dwarf: cause to seem small; check natural growth or development of
dwell: live as a resident; exist in a given place or state
dweller: a person who inhabits a particular place
dwelling: residence; place to live in; abode
dye: substance used to color materials
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dynamic: energetic; vigorously active
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E
eager: avid; enthusiastic
earnest: seriousness; reality; fixed determination; eagerness; intentness
earthquake: quake from underground; disturbance that is extremely disruptive; temblor
ease: satisfaction; pleasure; entertainment; freedom from care
eccentric: departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern
eccentricity: oddity; departure from that which is stated, regular, or usual; deviation from center
echo: sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear; repetition of a sound
eclipse: darken; exceed in importance; outweigh
ecology: science of the relationships between organisms and their environments
economic: pertaining to economy; frugal; cheap
economical: thrifty; saving; using the minimum of time or resources necessary for effectiveness
economics: branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption
of goods and services and their management
economize: save money or resource; cut back; be thrifty
economy: efficient use of resources; reduction in cost; specific type of economic system
ecstasy: intense joy or delight; any overpowering emotion
edge: brink; perimeter; margin
edit: revise and prepare for publication; select, correct, arrange matter of, for publication
edition: whole number of copies of a work printed and published; single copy; act of editing
editorial: of or pertaining to an editor; written or sanctioned by an editor
education: act or process of educating; the result of educating
effective: efficient; productive; producing a strong impression or response
effectiveness: efficiency; quality of being effective
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efficiency: effectiveness; quality or property of being efficient; ratio of useful output to the total input
in any system
efficient: effective; acting directly to produce an effect; exhibiting a high ratio of output to input
effort: exertion of strength or power, whether physical or mental, in performing an act or aiming at an
object
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eject: put out or expel from a place; discharge
elaborate: marked by complexity and richness of detail; done with care and in minute detail
elaboration: production by gradual process; act of working out with great care in detail
elapse: slip or glide away; pass away silently
elastic: springing back; having the power of rebounding; able to return quickly to a former state or
condition
elasticity: tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed
elbow: hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm
election: voting; balloting; right or ability to make a choice
electrical: pertaining to electricity; electric
electrician: one whose occupation is the installation, maintenance, repair, or operation of electric
equipment and circuitry
electron: elementary particle with negative charge
electronic: of or pertaining to an electron or electrons.
electronics: branch of physics that deals with the behavior of electrons; electronic devices
elegance: refined quality of gracefulness and good taste
elegant: refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style
element: fundamental or essential constituent of a composite entity; basic assumptions or principles
of a subject
elementary: basic; fundamental
elevate: raise; give a promotion to or assign to a higher position
elevation: altitude; height
elevator: lifting device consisting of a platform or cage
eliminate: eradicate; abolish; rule out
elimination: act of removing or getting rid of something
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ellipsis: omission of words from text; mark or series of marks used in writing to indicate omission
elliptical: rounded like an egg; in a shape reminding of an ellipse; oval
eloquence: powerful and effective language; persuasive speech
eloquent: vividly or movingly expressive; persuasive
elusive: difficult to describe; difficult to detect or grasp by mind
emancipate: free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate
emancipation: freeing someone from the control of another
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embargo: ban on commerce or other activity
embark: commence; go on board a boat or airplane; begin a journey
embarrass: humiliate; shame; cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease; disconcert
embassy: diplomatic building where ambassadors live or work; diplomatic representatives headed by
an ambassador
embody: give a bodily form to; represent in bodily or material form; incorporate
embrace: hug; adopt or espouse; accept readily; hold close with the arms, usually as an expression
of affection
embroider: decorate with needlework; add details to
embroidery: elaboration by the use of decorative detail; ornamentation of fabric with needlework
emerge: come into prominence; spring up; appear
emergency: sudden unforeseen crisis; condition of urgent need for action or assistance
emigrant: someone who leaves one country to settle in another
emigrate: remove from one country or State to another, for the purpose of residence; migrate from
home
eminent: standing out above other things; high in rank, office, or worth
emission: radiation; discharge; act of emitting
emit: give off; send out; give out as sound
emotion: feeling; mood; state of mental agitation or disturbance
emotional: sentimental; passionate; excitable; easily moved
emphasis: special attention or effort directed toward something; stress
emphasize: stress; underscore; utter or pronounce with a particular stress of voice
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empirical: derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
employ: engage the services of; put to work; apply
employee: worker; person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation
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employer: a person or firm that employs workers
employment: act of employing or using
empty: containing nothing; not holding or having anything within; void of contents or appropriate
contents
enable: supply with the means, knowledge, or opportunity; make able; make feasible or possible
enchant: charm by sorcery; get control of by magical words and rites
encircle: form a circle about; inclose within a circle or ring; surround
enclose: include; surround on all sides; close in
enclosure: place where animals are kept
encounter: face; confront; meet, especially unexpectedly; come upon
encourage: activate; stimulate
endanger: threaten; jeopardize; do something that may damage it or destroy it
endeavor: attempt by employing effort
endless: without end; having no end or conclusion; perpetual; interminable
endorse: acknowledge by signing a bill, draft, or other instrument
endorsement: act of endorsing; support; formal and explicit approval; signature that validates
something
endow: grant; award; give qualities or abilities to
endurance: perseverance; state or fact of persevering; continuing existence
endure: tolerate; carry on through, despite hardships
energetic: active; brisk; vigorous
energy: exertion of force; capacity for work or vigorous activity; usable heat or power
enforce: put force upon; force; constrain; compel; put in motion or action by violence
engage: obtain for services of; arrange for the use of; pledge or promise, especially to marry
engagement: act of engaging, pledging, enlisting, occupying, or entering into contest; state of being
in gear
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engrave: carve or cut into a block or surface, as used for printing; impress deeply as if by carving
engraving: practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it
engulf: absorb or swallow up as in a gulf; flow over or cover completely
enhance: make better or more attractive; increase; improve
enhancement: act of increasing, or state of being increased; augmentation; aggravation
enlighten: supply with light; illuminate, as the sun enlightens the earth; make clear to the intellect or
conscience
enormous: very great in size, extent, number, or degrees; huge; massive
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enquire: seek information by asking a question
enquiry: search for knowledge
enrich: make rich; richen; improve
enroll: insert in a roil; register or enter in list or catalogue; insert in records; enlist
enrolment: act of enrolling; specifically, the registering, recording, or entering
ensure: make sure or certain; insure; assure
entail: imply or require; cause to ensue or accrue; cut or carve in ornamental way
enterprise: company; firm; organization created for business ventures
entertain: amuse; host
entertainment: amusement; fun
enthusiasm: great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause; feeling of excitement
enthusiastic: having or showing great excitement and interest
entitle: give right to; authorize; furnish with a right or claim to something; designate; give title to
entrance: fill with delight or wonder; put into a trance; attract
entreat: plead; make earnest request of; ask for earnestly
entrust: give over something to another for care, protection, or performance; give as a trust to
someone;
entry: admission; entrance; item inserted in a written record
enumerate: list each one; mention one by one
envelop: enclose or encase completely with or as if with a covering
environment: surroundings; totality of surrounding conditions
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envy: malice; ill will; discontent or uneasiness at another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied
with hatred
epidemic: outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and widely; widely prevalent
episode: a brief section of a literary or dramatic work that forms part of a connected series
epoch: particular period of history, especially one considered remarkable
equal: having the same quantity, measure, or value as another; identical
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equality: state or quality of being equal
equation: making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium
equator: the imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the two
poles, and dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres
equilibrium: mental or emotional balance; state of balance of any causes, powers, or motives
equip: supply with necessities such as tools or provisions; furnish with the qualities necessary for
performance
equipment: apparatus
equivalent: interchangeable; comparable; equal, as in value, force, or meaning
eradicate: completely destroy; eliminate; exterminate
erase: rub letters or characters written, engraved, or painted
erect: construct; stand; set up
erosion: corrosion; a gradual decline of something
errand: short trip taken to perform a specified task; mission; embassy
erupt: explode; burst out; become violently active
eruption: outbreak; sudden, often violent outburst
escalator: stairway whose steps move continuously on a circulating belt
escape: act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or
any evil
escort: one who conducts someone as attendant; guard; protection, care, or safeguard on a journey
essay: effort made for performance of anything; short literary composition on a single subject
essence: most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
essential: necessary; critical; vital; constituting or being part of the essence of something
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establish: set up or found; build
establishment: act of establishing; ratifying or ordaining; settlement; arranged order or system,
especially a legal code
estate: extensive landed property; everything you own; all of your assets
esteem: regard with respect; favorable regard
estimate: judge to be probable; form an opinion about; evaluate
eternal: forever; being without beginning or end; existing outside of time; infinite
evaluate: judge; examine and judge carefully; appraise
evaporate: vaporize; disappear; change into a vapor
evaporation: process of extracting moisture
eventful: busy; momentous; full of events or incidents
eventually: ultimately; in the final result or issue; in the end
everlasting: continuing forever or indefinitely
evidence: something which makes evident or manifest; any mode of proof
evident: easily seen or understood; obvious; apparent; clear
evolution: development; progression
evolve: develop; grow
exact: precisely agreeing with standard, fact, or truth; perfectly conforming
exaggerate: represent as greater than is actually the case; overstate; magnify; do something to an
excessive degree
exaggeration: overstatement; act of making something more noticeable than usual
exalt: raise in rank or dignity; praise
exalted: superior; elevated in rank, character, or status; of high moral or intellectual value
exasperate: make worse; irritate; make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly
exceed: go beyond; be or do something to a greater degree
exceedingly: in a very great degree; beyond what is usual; surpassingly
excel: be superior; distinguish oneself
excellent: surpassing others in some good quality or the sum of qualities; of great worth; eminent, in
a good sense
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exception: instance that does not conform to a rule
exceptional: extraordinary; unusual; well above average
excess: amount or quantity beyond what is normal or sufficient; surplus
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excessive: extreme; inordinate; too much
exchange: substitute; trade in; give in return for something received
excite: arouse
excitement: state of being emotionally aroused
exciting: creating or producing excitement
exclaim: cry out suddenly, as from surprise or emotion
exclude: leave out of; keep out of; reject
exclusion: rejection; act of excluding or shutting out
exclusive: not divided or shared with others; excluding much or all; not allowing something else
exclusively: without any others being included or involved; purely; strictly
excursion: trip; usually short journey made for pleasure
excuse: free from blame; clear from guilt; release from a charge; forgive entirely
execute: put into effect; carry out the legalities of
execution: accomplishment; putting into practice; putting a person to death
executive: role of government which makes sure that laws are carried out; administrator
exemplify: serve as an example of; embody
exempt: not subject to duty or obligation; not subject to taxation
exert: cause; apply; exercise
exertion: effort; expenditure of much physical work
exhaust: gases ejected from an engine as waste products ; use up the whole supply of
exhausted: depleted; tired
exhaustion: act of draining out or draining off; act of emptying completely of the contents; state of
being exhausted or emptied
exhaustive: treating all parts or aspects without omission; comprehensive
exhibit: show, make visible or apparent
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exhibition: exposition; presentation; large-scale public showing
65
exile: force separation from one's native country
exit: passage or way out; act of going away or out
exonerate: acquit; free from blame; discharge from duty
expand: become larger in size or volume; grow stronger; add details
expansion: growth; extent or amount by which something has expanded
expedient: suitable; appropriate to a purpose; serving to promote your interest
expedite: process fast and efficiently; execute quickly and efficiently
expedition: journey organized for a particular purpose
expel: oust; discharge; force or drive out
expend: lay out, apply, or employ in any way; consume by use; use up or distribute, either in payment
or in donations; spend
expenditure: payment or expense; output
expert: person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge of a certain subject
expertise: specialized knowledge; expert skill
expiration: act of coming to a close; termination; act of breathing out; exhalation
expire: come to an end; terminate; lose validity; breathe one's last breath; die
explicit: precisely and clearly expressed; definite; outspoken
explode: erupt; blow up; burst violently as a result of internal pressure
exploit: make use of, sometimes unjustly
exploitation: unfair use of someone’s work giving little in return
exploration: travel for the purpose of discovery
explore: investigate systematically; examine; search
explorer: someone who travels into little known regions
explosive: tending or serving to sudden outburst; sudden and loud
export: sell or transfer abroad
expose: set forth; set out to public view
exposition: exhibition; part of a play that provides the background information; opening section of a
fugue
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exposure: risk, particularly of being exposed to disease; unmasking; act of laying something open
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expressive: demonstrative; indicative
expressly: particularly; specifically; in an explicit manner
exquisite: excellent; flawless; acutely perceptive or discriminating
extend: open or straighten something out; unbend; prolong
extension: supplement; act of extending or the condition of being extended
extensive: widespread; far-reaching; wide
extent: extensive space or area; distance or area over which something extends
exterior: outside; external or outward appearance
external: exterior; outer; suitable for application to the outside
extinct: no longer existing or living; vanished; dead
extinction: death of all its remaining members
extinguish: quench; put out, as a light or fire; cause to die out; put an end to; destroy
extra: something additional of the same kind
extract: draw or pull out, usually with some force or effort; remove; get despite difficulties or obstacles
extraordinary: exceptional; remarkable; beyond what is ordinary or usual
extravagant: wandering beyond one's bounds; exceeding due bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained
extreme: outermost; utmost; farthest; most remote; at the widest limit
eye: small hole or loop; good discernment; organ of vision or of light sensitivity
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F
fabric: cloth; stuff; artifact made by weaving or synthetic fibers; structure; framework
fabricate: build; put together out of components or parts
face: confront; encounter; be opposite
facilitate: help bring about; make less difficult
facility: service, space, and equipment provided for a particular purpose
faction: a party of persons having a common end in view
factor: anything that contributes causally to a result; element; variable
fade: disappear; die out; lose color; lose freshness
faint: lacking strength or vigor ; weak
fairly: in fair manner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly
fairy: enchantment; illusion; imaginary supernatural being or spirit
faith: loyalty or allegiance to a cause or a person; complete confidence
faithful: believer; follower
fake: imitation; counterfeit; having a false or misleading appearance
fall: drop; sink; lose an upright position suddenly; decrease in size, extent, or range
fame: favorable public reputation; great renown
familiar: well known or easily recognized
familiarity: state of being familiar; intimate and frequent converse, or association; unconstrained
intercourse; freedom from ceremony and constraint; intimacy
famine: shortage of food; starvation
fanatic: person who is zealously enthusiastic for some cause; showing evidence of possession by a
god or demon
fancy: capricious notion; something many people believe that is false
fantastic: excellent; extraordinary; strange in form, conception, or appearance
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fare: food and drink; diet; transportation charge; a paying passenger
farewell: acknowledgment at parting; goodbye; act of departing or taking leave
fascinate: cause to be interested or curious; captivate
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fascination: capacity to attract intense interest
fashion: style, shape, appearance, or mode of structure; pattern, model
fashionable: conforming to the current style; being or in accordance with current fashion
fasten: attach; affix
fatal: causing death
fathom: measure the depth; come to understand
fatigue: physical or mental weariness; exhaustion
fault: crack; a crack in the earth; defect; flaw; a wrong action
favorable: approving or pleasing; granting what has been desired or requested
feasible: capable of being accomplished or brought about
feast: a festival or holiday; festive or joyous meal; something highly agreeable; entertainment
feat: achievement; accomplishment
feature: prominent aspect of something
federal: of or relating to central government; national
federation: uniting in a league; confederation; league
fee: give a tip beyond the agreed-on compensation
feeble: lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; faint; frail
feed: give food to; supply with nourishment
feedback: response to an inquiry or experiment
fell: capable of destroying; lethal
fellowship: state or relation of being or associate; companionship of persons on equal and friendly
terms; state of being together
female: for or composed of women or girls
ferocious: fierce; savage; wild; indicating cruelty
ferry: shuttle; transport by boat or aircraft
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fertile: rich; fruitful; inventive; creative; intellectually productive
fertilizer: any substance used to make soil more fertile
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fervent: extremely hot; sincerely or intensely felt
festival: a day or period of time for feasting and celebration
fetch: take away or remove; reduce; go or come after and bring or take back
feud: bitter quarrel between two parties
fiber: slender, elongated, threadlike object or structure; material to make paper or cloth
fiction: story; imaginative creation; literary work whose content is produced by imagination
fictional: imaginary; invented, as opposed to real
fierce: ferocious; savage; extremely severe or violent; terrible
fig: small fruit tree with large leaves, known from the remotest antiquity
figurative: not literal, but metaphorical; using figure of speech
figure: model of a bodily form; impression produced by a person; written or printed symbol
representing a number
file: line; proceed in line
filter: strain; pass liquid or gas through device that blocks some matter by particular criterion
filth: foul matter; anything that soils or defiles; dirt; corruption; pollution
filthy: nasty; dirty; polluted; foul; impure
final: forming or occurring at the end; terminating; ultimate; conclusive
finance: management of money and credit and banking and investments; subsidizing; fund
financial: monetary; pertaining or relating to money matters
financing: subsidy; transaction that provides funds for a business
finite: having a limit; limited in quantity, degree, or capacity; bounded
fir: any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies
firm: hard; solid; resolute; determined
fishery: business or practice of catching fish; fishing; a place for catching fish; the right to take fish at
a certain place
fist: hand with the fingers doubled into the palm; closed hand
fit: be the right size or shape; conform to some shape or size
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fitness: health; vigor; state or condition of being fit; suitability or appropriateness
fitting: small accessory to a larger system; small detachable part for a machine or apparatus; act of
trying on clothes
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fixed: firmly in position; stationary
fixture: commonplace object; object firmly fixed in place
flag: become less intense; sink, or settle from pressure
flake: flat thin piece or layer; chip; small piece; small crystalline bit of snow
flame: stream of burning vapor or gas, emitting light and heat; passion of love
flap: flat, usually thin piece attached at only one side; act of waving or fluttering; blow given with
something flat; slap
flare: sudden outburst of emotion; glare; shine; shine with sudden light
flash: emit a brief burst of light; appear briefly; sudden intense burst of radiant energy
flask: a small bottle-shaped vessel for holding fluids; narrow-necked vessel of metal or glass
flatter: compliment someone, often insincerely and sometimes to win favor; enhance someone's
vanity by praising them
flavor: distinctive taste; quality produced by the sensation of taste
flaw: crack or breach; gap or fissure; defect; fault; sudden burst of noise and disorder
flee: run away, as from danger or evil; avoid in alarmed or cowardly manner
fleece: rob; strip of money or other property unjustly, especially by trickery or fraud; ask unreasonable
price
fleet: a group of steamships under the same ownership; a group of vessels or vehicles
flesh: soft tissue of body, mainly muscle and fat; substance; reality; surface or skin of human body;
meat of animals
flexibility: quality of being adaptable or variable
flexible: pliant; elastic; capable of being bent or flexed; pliable
flicker: flutter; flap the wings without flying; waver unsteadily, like a flame in a current of air
fling: throw with force or recklessness; throw or cast away; move in an abrupt
float: drift along; make the surface of level or smooth; move lightly
flock: group; herd; crowd; gather; crowd; throng
flour: fine powdery foodstuff; soft, fine powder
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flourish: grow well; decorate with ornaments; be in a period of productivity
fluctuate: rise and fall in or as if in waves; shift; vary irregularly
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fluctuation: a wave motion
fluency: quality of smoothness of flow; quality of being fluent in language
fluent: easy and graceful in shape; graceful; smooth and unconstrained in movement
flush: turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong emotion; glow, especially with a reddish
color; flow suddenly
flutter: vibrate or move quickly; drive in disorder; throw into confusion
flux: flowing; series of changes; state of being liquid through heat
foam: white substance, consisting of an aggregation of bubbles, which is formed on the surface of
liquids
focus: most important thing; a fixed reference point; center of interest or activity
fodder: coarse food for cattle or horses
foe: enemy; one who entertains hatred, grudge; adversary
fog: droplets of water vapor suspended in air near ground ; haze
foggy: obscured by fog; indistinct or hazy in outline
fold: make something double; bend or lay so that one part covers the other
foliage: masses of leaves; a cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches
foolish: marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of understanding; weak in intellect; without judgment
forbid: not allow; prohibit; prevent
forecast: prediction about how something will develop, as for weather
forefather: ancestor; forebear
foremost: leading; main; primary; first in time or place
foresee: anticipate; predict
foretell: tell of or indicate beforehand; predict
forge: workplace where metal is worked by heating and hammering
forgery: act of forging, especially the illegal production of something counterfeit
forgive: give wholly; cease to feel resentment against; excuse for a fault or an offense; give up;
resign
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formal: official; executed, carried out, or done in proper or regular form
formality: quality or condition of being formal; something done just for form's sake
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format: pattern; design; set into a specific pattern
formation: configuration; pattern
former: preceding in order of time; antecedent; previous; prior; earlier
formerly: previously;at an earlier time; once
formidable: arousing fear; threatening; difficult to undertake or defeat
formula: plan; directions for making something; a group of symbols that make a mathematical
statement
formulate: decide upon and express in words
forsake: leave someone who needs or counts on you
fort: a fortified defensive structure; permanent army post
forthcoming: ready or about to appear; making appearance
fortitude: bravery; force; power to attack or to resist attack
fortnight: a period of fourteen consecutive days
fortress: fort; castle; fortified place, especially a large military stronghold, often includes a town
fortunate: lucky; bringing something good and unforeseen
fortune: arrival of something in a sudden or unexpected manner; chance; accident; luck
forum: place to discuss public concerns; meeting or medium for open discussion
forward: at or to or toward the front; toward the future
fossil: remnant; remains of a plant or animal that existed in a past geological age
foster: rear; promote the growth of; help develop
foul: act that violates of the rules of a sport
found: establish or set up, especially with provision for continuing existence; melt metal and pour into
a mold
foundation: basis on which something is grounded
founder: person who establishes an organization, business
fountain: spring of water issuing from the earth; artificially produced jet or stream of water
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fraction: segment; fragment; a small proportion of
fracture: break into pieces; crack; destroy; violate or abuse
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fragile: easy to destroy, delicate, not strong
fragment: small part broken off or detached; fraction
fragrance: scent; aroma; distinctive odor that is pleasant
fragrant: pleasant-smelling; odorous
frail: physically weak; easily broken
frame: structure that gives shape or support; closed, often rectangular border of drawn or printed
lines
framework: fundamental structure, as for a written work; skeleton
franchise: right granted by authority; right to vote; business licensed to sell a product in particular
area
frank: honest; sincere; open and sincere in expression; straightforward
freight: transport commercially as cargo; load with goods; goods carried by a large vehicle
fret: cause to be uneasy; wear away
friction: clash in opinion; rubbing against; conflict
frightening: inspiring with fear; causing fear; of capable of causing fear; scary
fringe: margin; periphery; decorative border of hanging threads, cords, or strips, often attached to a
separate band
frontier: part of a country which fronts or faces another country or an unsettled region; border,
confine, or extreme part of a country
frost: ice crystal; weather cold enough to cause freezing; provide with a rough surface or appearance
frown: look angry; wrinkle one's forehead; regard something with disapproval or distaste
frugal: sparing; economical; costing little; inexpensive
fruitful: productive; fertile; producing results; profitable
frustrate: make null; bring to nothing; prevent from taking effect or attaining fulfillment
frustration: disappointment; failure; act of frustrating
fuel: substance that can be consumed to produce energy
fulfil: fill full; fill to the utmost capacity, as a vessel, a room
full: filled to satisfaction with food or drink; containing as much or as many as is possible or normal
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fumble: feel or grope about; make awkward attempts to do or find something; play childishly; turn
over and over
function: act of executing or performing any duty; assigned duty or activity
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functional: useful; in good working order
fund: money; capital; a reserve of money set aside for some purpose; finance; subsidize
fundamental: relating to foundation or base; elementary; primary; essential
funeral: ceremony held in connection with burial; burial procession accompanying body to grave; end
of existence
furious: extreme anger; raging; full of activity; energetic or rapid
furnace: enclosed place in which heat is produced; place or time of punishment or great trial
furnish: provide; supply; equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for
furniture: movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working
furrow: trench in the earth made by a plow; any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal;
wrinkle on the face
further: get greater distance; make more in advance
furthermore: in addition; moreover
fury: violent anger; rage; uncontrolled action; turbulence
fuse: combine; blend; become plastic or fluid or liquefied from heat
fuss: angry disturbance; excited state of agitation; needlessly nervous or useless activity; protest;
quarrel
fussy: easily upset; given to bouts of ill temper; full of superfluous details
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G
gale: very strong wind; gust of wind; emotional outburst as laughter or tears
gallery: long usually narrow room ; covered corridor
gallop: move or run rapidly or carelessly, as by a quadruped, particularly by a horse lifting alternately
the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds
gamble: play or game for money or other stake; lose or squander by gaming
gang: group of criminals who band together for mutual protection and profit; herd of buffalo or elk
gaol: place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment
gap: opening through mountains; pass; conspicuous difference or imbalance
garbage: trash; worthless or nonsensical matter; food wastes
garment: any article of clothing, as coat or gown
gasoline: petrol; flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons
gauge: measuring instrument; measure; judge
gaze: fix the eyes in a steady and earnest look; look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration,
astonishment
gear: toothed machine part, such as a wheel or cylinder, to transmit motion or to change speed or
direction
gem: precious stone; jewel; pearl or mineral that has been cut and polished for use as an ornament
generalization: an idea having general application; reasoning from detailed facts to general
principles
generalize: reach conclusion; become systemic and spread throughout the body
generate: bring into being; give rise to; produce
generation: all offspring at same stage from common ancestor; interval of time between the birth of
parents and their offspring
generator: one that generates, especially converts mechanical energy into electrical energy;
apparatus that generates vapor
generosity: noble birth; quality of being noble; noble-mindedness; liberality in giving
generous: more than adequate; willing to give and share unstintingly
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genius: exceptional creative ability; unusual mental ability; someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any
field
gentle: well-born; of a good family or respectable birth; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender
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genuine: authentic; real; true
geology: science which treats the structure and mineral constitution of the globe
geometry: mathematics of the properties, measurement, and relationships of points, lines, angles,
surfaces, and solids
germ: bacteria; earliest form of an organism; seed
gesture: motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling
giant: person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual
gigantic: exceedingly large; huge; very large or extensive
giggle: laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; laugh in light, affected, or silly manner
ginger: plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies
glare: light; brightness; fierce or angry stare
glassware: an article of tableware made of glass
gleam: cause to emit a flash of light
glide: slide; move in a smooth, effortless manner
glimpse: glance; a quick look ; see briefly; a brief or incomplete view
glisten: sparkle or shine, especially shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; emit a soft,
scintillating light; gleam
glitter: bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy
global: worldwide; international; having the shape of a globe
globe: body with the shape of a sphere, especially a representation of the earth in the form of a
hollow ball
gloom: partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove;
cloudiness or heaviness of mind
gloomy: imperfectly illuminated; dusky; dim; clouded
glorify: cause to seem more splendid; beautify
glorious: having or deserving glory; famous; characterized by great beauty and splendor;
magnificent; wonderful
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glossary: brief explanation of words, often placed at back of book
glow: shine with an intense or white heat; give forth vivid light and heat; exhibit a strong, bright color
glue: be fixed as if by sticky substance; join or attach with or as if sticky substance
glut: fill beyond capacity, especially with food; swallow greedlly
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gnaw: bite or chew on with the teeth
goal: end; objective; final purpose or aim
goat: any of various ruminant mammals, of the genus Capra, related to the sheep; scapegoat
gorge: stuff oneself; overeat; make a pig of oneself
gorgeous: dazzlingly beautiful; magnificent
gossip: rumor; malicious report about other people; light informal conversation for social occasions
govern: make and administer the public policy and affairs of
governor: head of a state government
gown: loose, flowing upper garment; ordinary outer dress of woman; official robe of certain
professional men
grab: take or grasp suddenly; snatch; capture
grace: elegance and beauty of movement or expression; short prayer of thanks before a meal
graceful: elegant; showing grace of movement, form, or proportion
gracious: beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor
grade: step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing
gradual: proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from
one state to another; regularly progressive
graduate: one who has received an academicals or professional degree; one who has completed the
prescribed course of study
grand: large and impressive in size, scope, or extent
granite: common, coarse-grained, light-colored, hard igneous rock consisting chiefly of quartz;
unyielding endurance
grant: allow to have; give on the basis of merit; be willing to concede
graph: chart; a drawing illustrating the relations
grasp: grip; take hold of or seize firmly with or as if with the hand
grasshopper: terrestrial plant-eating insect; young student in initial stages of training
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grateful: thankful; appreciative of benefits received
gratify: give pleasure to; satisfy; indulge; make happy
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gratis: free, without charge; costing nothing
gratitude: state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; thankfulness
grave: place for the burial; death or extinction
gravel: small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of
sand
gravity: seriousness; solemn and dignified feeling; natural force between two massive bodies
graze: scrape gently; feed on growing grasses and herbage
grease: oil; fat; state of being covered with unclean things
greedy: wanting to get more than one can reasonably get
greenhouse: house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather
grief: pain of mind; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends; sorrow;
sadness
grieve: cause to be sorrowful; distress
grim: unrelenting; rigid; dismal and gloomy; cold and forbidding
grin: act of withdrawing lips and showing teeth; broad smile
grind: crush; scrape; reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading
grip: hold fast or firmly; seize as in a wrestling match
groan: give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing
groove: long narrow furrow or channel; settled routine; very pleasurable experience
grope: search blindly or uncertainly; reach about uncertainly; feel one's way
gross: of huge size; excessively large; coarse; rough; not fine or delicate
ground: solid surface of the earth; bottom; lowest part
grove: group of trees smaller than a forest; orchard
growl: utter a deep guttural sound, as angry dog; give forth an angry, grumbling sound; emit low
guttural sound
grudge: be unwilling or reluctant to give or admit; be envious; show discontent
grumble: utter or emit low dull rumbling sounds
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guarantee: pledge that something will happen or that something is true
guardian: one who guards, preserves, or secures; one who has, or is entitled to custody of person or
property
guess: form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; judge of at random
guilt: state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right
guilty: deserving of blame; adjudged to have committed crime
gulf: an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land; larger than a bay
gulp: swallow; utter or make a noise, as when swallowing too quickly
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gust: blast; outburst
gutter: channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; eaves channel; eaves trough
gymnasium: place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics
gymnastics: sport that involves exercises intended to display strength and balance and agility
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H
habit: established disposition of the mind or character; distinctive dress, especially of a religious order
haggard: wasted away; showing wearing effects of overwork or suffering
haggle: argue about prices; bargain, as over the price of something
hail: call for; salute; greet; praise vociferously
hairy: bearing or covered with hair; made of or resembling hair; rough with hair
hallmark: sign; feature; mark indicating quality or excellence
halt: stop; stand in doubt; hesitate
ham: meat cut from the thigh of a hog, usually smoked
hamburger: a fried bread of minced beef served on a bun
hamper: put at disadvantage; prevent progress or free movement of
handbook: concise reference book providing specific information
handful: a small number
handicap: disadvantage; physical disability; cripple; hinder; impede
handle: touch; feel with the hand; use or hold with the hand; manage in using; deal with
handsome: skillful; handy; agreeable to the eye or to correct taste; having a pleasing appearance;
attractive
handy: convenient; close
hang: suspend; fasten to some elevated point without support from below; hold for support
hanger: one who hangs, or causes to be hanged; loop or strap by which something is hung
haphazard: not thorough, constant or consistent; by chance
harbor: provide a refuge for; hide; give shelter to
harden: become hard or harder
hardware: mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer
system
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hardy: in robust and good health; able to survive under unfavorable conditions
harmful: damaging; noxious; detrimental; dangerous
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harmless: unlikely to harm or disturb anyone
harmonious: concordant; accordant; suitable and fitting
harmony: compatibility in opinion and action; an agreeable sound property
harness: stable gear consisting of an arrangement to an animal so that it can be attached to and pull
a cart
harsh: rough; coarse; severe; unpleasantly stern
harvest: gather; yield from plants in a single growing season
haste: hurry; rapidity of action or motion
hasten: accelerate; quicken
hasty: easily angered; irritable; made too quickly to be accurate or wise
hatch: breed; emerge from the egg
haughty: high; lofty; bold; arrogant; overbearing
haul: draw slowly or heavily; pull or drag forcibly; shift direction
haunt: be a regular or frequent visitor to a certain place; bother; disturb
hawk: bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail
hay: grass or other plants, cut and dried for fodder
hazard: danger; risk
heading: course or direction in which a ship or aircraft is moving; title, subtitle, or topic that stands at
the top or beginning
headlong: uncontrollably forceful or fast; done with head leading; headfirst
heal: cure; make or get healthy again
heap: crowd or throng; a great number of persons; pile or mass
hearing: opportunity to be heard; capacity to hear; judicial investigation of a suit at law
heave: cause to move upward or onward by a lifting effort; lift; raise; hoist; throw
heaven: expanse of space surrounding the earth; sky; place where the sun, moon, and stars appear
hedge: thicket of bushes, usually thorn bushes
hedgehog: small European insectivore, and other allied species of Asia and Africa, having the hair on
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the upper part of its body mixed with prickles or spines
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heed: pay attention to; listen to and consider
heel: back part of the human foot; lower end of a ship's mast
heighten: enhance; hoist; raise or increase the quantity or degree of; intensify
heir: person who inherits some title or office
heiress: woman who is an heir, especially to great wealth
helicopter: aircraft without wings that obtains its lift from the rotation of overhead blades
hell: place of the dead, or of souls after death where sinners suffer eternal punishment; any place of
pain and turmoil
helmet: defensive covering for head; hat, made of cork, felt, or metal, worn as uniform of soldiers,
firemen
helpful: giving aid; assistant; useful; salutary
helpless: unable to help oneself; powerless or incompetent; powerless; weak
hemisphere: halves; half of a sphere bounded by a great circle
hence: from this place; from this time; from this reason; as an inference or deduction
henceforth: from this time forward; henceforward
herald: proclaim; announces important news; messenger
herb: plant lacking a permanent woody stem, some having medicinal properties
herd: flock; crowd; group of cattle or other domestic animals
hesitant: reluctant, irresolute; tending to wait, or proceed with caution or reservation
hesitate: pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness
hide: prevent from being seen or discovered
hideous: frightful, shocking, or offensive to the eyes; offensive to moral sensibilities; despicable
hijack: stop and rob a vehicle in transit; seize control of by use of force
hike: long walk usually for exercise or pleasure
hinder: put at a disadvantage; tie up; hamper; prevent the progress
hindrance: something that holds back or causes problems with something else; obstacle
hinge: a joint that holds two parts together so that one can swing relative to the other
hint: allusion; clue; brief or indirect suggestion
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hinterland: region; remote and undeveloped area
hiss: prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth
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historian: one who is an authority on history
historic: having importance or significance in history; belonging to the past; historical
hitchhike: travel by getting free rides from passing vehicles; be carried along with something else
hitherto: to this place; to a prescribed limit; up to this time; as yet; until now
hoarse: having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough,
harsh cry or sound
hobby: auxiliary activity; activity or interest pursued outside one's regular occupation
hoe: weed, cultivate, or dig up with a tool, which has flat blade attached at right angles to a long
handle
hoist: raise; lift; elevate
hold: keep from departing; take and maintain control over; stop dealing with
hollow: sound as if echoing in a empty space; void; vain; not solid; having a space or gap or cavity
homely: of home; domestic; familiar; intimate; plain; unpretending; rude in appearance; unpolished
homesick: unhappy at being away and longing for familiar things or persons
hook: a piece of metal, or other hard material, bent into curve or at angle, for catching, holding, or
sustaining anything
hop: move by successive leaps, as toads do; spring or jump on one foot
horizon: line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet; range of one's knowledge, experience, or
interest
horizontal: flat; level; parallel to or in a base line
horn: one of the bony outgrowths on the heads of certain ungulates
horrible: exciting, or tending to horror or fear; hideous
horror: terror; fear; intense dislike
hose: a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid or gas
hospitable: disposed to treat guests with warmth and generosity; receptive
hospitality: act or practice of one who is hospitable; reception and entertainment of strangers or
guests without reward
host: great number; person entertaining guests
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hostage: prisoner who is held by one party to insure that another party will meet specified terms
hostile: unfriendly; showing the disposition of an enemy
hound: a variety of domestic dog, having large, drooping ears; side bar used to strengthen portions of
gear of a vehicle
house: provide living quarters for; lodge; contain; harbor
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hover: hang about; wait nearby; remain floating
howl: utter a loud, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do; utter a sound expressive of
distress; cry aloud and mournfully
hug: crowd together; keep close to; tight or amorous embrace
hull: outer covering of anything, particularly of a nut or of grain; outer skin of a kernel; husk
hum: low, prolonged sound; humming noise; singing with shut mouth
humane: marked by kindness, mercy, or compassion
humanitarian: philanthropic; one devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reforms
humanity: kindness; virtue; all of the inhabitants of the earth
humble: low or inferior in station or quality; modest
humid: containing a high amount of water or water vapor
humidity: dampness; moisture
humiliate: cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of
humorous: employing or showing humor; funny; amusing
hunger: strong desire for something; feel the need to eat
hurl: throw with great force; cast; toss
husband: use economically; conserve; save
hush: make silent or quiet; keep from public knowledge; suppress mention of
hustle: bustle; cause to move furtively and hurriedly
hydrogen: a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable
diatomic gas
hygiene: cleanliness; sanitation
hymn: song of praise or adoration, especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric
hypocrisy: act or practice of a hypocrite
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hypothesis: assumption; theory
hypothetical: based on assumptions; supposed
hysteria: behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotion, such as fear or panic; mental
disorder
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I
ideal: existing in idea or thought; conception; intellectual; mental; imaginary standard of excellence; fit
for a model; faultless
identical: duplicate; alike; being the exact same one
identification: act of designating or identifying something; condition of having your identity
established
identify: detect; find out; discover
identity: exact sameness; distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity
idiom: expression whose meaning differs from meanings of its individual words; distinctive style
idiomatic: having the nature of an idiom; characteristic of a given language
idiot: foolish or stupid person; unlearned, ignorant, or simple person
idle: useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; given rest and ease; avoiding work or
employment; lazy
idol: image used for worship; image of divinity; representation or symbol; false notion or conception
ignite: kindle; cause to start burning; set fire to
ignorance: lack of knowledge or education
ignorant: lacking education or knowledge; unaware
ignore: refuse to pay attention to; disregard; overlook; neglect
illegible: incapable of being read; unclear; not legible
illiterate: uncultured; uneducated; not able to read or write
illuminate: provide or brighten with light; clear up or make understandable; enlighten
illusion: misleading vision; being deceived by a false perception or belief
illusive: deceptive; misleading; based on or having the nature of an illusion
illustrate: represent; demonstrate; depict; clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons
illustration: picture; drawing; showing by example
image: visual representation; representation of a person
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imaginary: having existence only in the imagination; fanciful; visionary
imitate: copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic; use or follow as a model
imitation: emulation; copying the actions of someone else
immediate: not deferred by an interval of time; present; occurring at once; instant
immediately: proximately; directly; without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once
immense: enormous; boundless; so great as to be beyond measurement
immerse: plunge into anything, especially a fluid; sink; dip
immigrant: one who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there; non-native
immigrate: move into another country to stay there permanently
immigration: migration into a place; moving into a place
imminent: near at hand; close in time; about to occur
immoral: not moral; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest
immortal: not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever
impact: forceful consequence; strong effect; influencing strongly
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impart: reveal or tell; grant a share of; bestow
impartial: not biased; fair; showing lack of favoritism
imperative: having power command or control; critically importance; some duty that is essential and
urgent
implement: put into effect; supply with tools
implication: something hinted at or suggested; act of implying; condition of being implied
implore: beg for urgently; make an earnest appeal
imply: express or indicate indirectly; signify
import: bring in from another country
impose: demand; force; compel to behave in a certain way
impractical: unwise to implement or maintain in practice; theoretical
impressive: making a strong or vivid impression; producing a strong effect
imprisonment: confinement; putting someone in prison or in jail as lawful punishment
impulse: act of applying force suddenly; an impelling force or strength
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inability: lack of ability, especially mental ability, to do something
inaccessible: unreachable; not available; unattainable
inadequate: not sufficient to meet a need; insufficient; poor
inaugurate: start; initiate; induct into office by formal ceremony
incense: enrage; infuriate; cause to be extremely angry
incentive: something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward
incident: usually minor event or condition that is subordinate to another; event; happening
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incidentally: by chance; accidentally
inclination: preference; tendency; inclined surface; slope
incline: cause to lean, slant, or slope; deviate from the horizontal or vertical
inclined: tending or leaning toward; bent; having preference or tendency
inclusive: tending to include all; taking a great deal or everything within its scope
income: gain from labor, business, property, or capital
incompatible: inharmonious; impossible to coexist; not easy to combine harmoniously
inconsistency: state of being self-contradictory; lack of uniformity or steadiness
inconvenient: not suited to your comfort, purpose or needs
incorporate: combine something into a larger whole; unite
incredible: unbelievable; beyond belief or understanding
incredulous: difficult to believe; incredible; skeptical
increment: process of increasing in number, size, quantity, or extent
incur: bring upon oneself; become liable to; acquire or come into
indebted: morally, socially, or legally obligated to another; under a legal obligation to someone
indefinite: unclear; vague; lacking precise limits
indefinitely: endlessly; incessantly; for a long time, no end defined; forever
indent: nick; set in from margin; impress or stamp
independent: not dependent; free; not subject to control by others; not relying on others
index: anything which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses; prologue indicating what follows;
second digit
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indicate: point out; direct to a knowledge of
indicative: suggestive; implying; serving to indicate
indifference: unconcern; disinterest; lack of enthusiasm
indifferent: having no particular interest or concern; being neither good nor bad
indigestion: a disorder of digestive function; difficulty in digesting
indignant: affected with indignation; wrathful; passionate; irate; feeling wrath by unworthy or unjust
treatment
indignation: anger aroused by something unjust
indispensable: essential; requisite; impossible to be omitted or remitted
individual: single person or thing; human regarded as a unique personality
induce: persuade; bring about; reason or establish by induction
inducement: act of inducing, or the state of being induced; a motive or consideration that leads one
to action or induces one to act
indulge: be complacent toward; give way to; not to oppose or restrain; yield to the desire of
industrial: of or relating to or resulting from industry; having highly developed industries
industrialization: development of industry on an extensive scale
industrialized: made industrial; converted to industrialism
industrious: diligent; hard-working; busy and laborious
inertia: property of matter by which it tends when at rest to remain so, and when in motion to continue
in motion, and in the same straight line or direction
inevitable: unavoidable; incapable of being avoided or prevented
inevitably: unavoidably; in a manner that is impossible to avoid or prevent
infant: child in the first period of life; young babe
infantry: body of children; a body of soldiers serving on foot; foot soldiers
infect: bring into contact with a substance that can cause illness
infection: moral corruption or contamination; invasion of body which can lead to tissue damage and
disease
infectious: contagious; contaminating
infer: deduce; conclude from evidence or premises; lead to as a consequence or conclusion
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inference: inferring by deduction or induction; truth or proposition drawn from another which is
admitted or supposed to be true; conclusion; deduction
inferior: poor; lower than a given reference point; low or lower in order, degree, or rank
inferiority: state of being lower than or not as good as
infinite: unlimited or boundless, in time or space; without limit in power, capacity, knowledge, or
excellence
infinity: unlimited extent of time, space, or quantity; eternity; boundlessness; immensity
inflation: general increase in the prices of goods and services in a country
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inflict: impose something unpleasant; cause
influence: power affecting person or thing; effect of one thing on another; flowing in or upon; influx
influential: important; powerful; having or exercising influence or power
influenza: an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
inform: impart information to; make aware of something; be a pervasive presence in; animate
informal: absence of ceremony; casual
informative: instructive; illustrative; providing or conveying information
infringe: act contrary to, as a law, right, or obligation; annul or hinder
ingenious: clever; having inventive or cunning mind
ingenuity: quality or power of ready invention; quickness or acuteness in forming new combinations
inhabit: live in; occupy; reside in
inhabitant: resident; someone or thing who lives in a place
inherent: firmly established by nature or habit
inherit: receive from an ancestor by legal succession or will; receive by bequest or as a legacy
initial: early; preliminary; occurring at the beginning
initially: in the beginning; at first
initiate: begin; originate; admit into membership
initiative: serving to initiate; introductory step or movement; act which originates or begins
inject: put in; infuse ; force or drive fluid into something
injure: do harm to; inflict damage; do injustice to
injury: any physical damage to body caused by violence or accident or fracture
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injustice: unjust act; practice of being unjust or unfair
inland: within the land; more or less remote from the ocean or from open water; interior
innocent: naive; lacking sense or awareness; free from evil or guilt
innovate: change or alter by bringing in something new
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innovation: introduction of something new
innumerable: countless; numerous
inquire: ask a question; seek for truth or information by putting queries
inquiry: investigation; search for knowledge
insane: exhibiting disordered of mind; deranged in mind; very foolish
insert: input; enter; put or set into, between, or among
insider: an accepted member of a group; one who has special knowledge or access to confidential
information
insight: understanding; grasping the inner nature of things intuitively
insignificant: not large enough to consider or notice; lacking in importance; trivial
insist: stand or rest; find support; take a stand and refuse to give way; be persistent
insolvent: bankrupt; unable to repay one's debts
inspect: look over; examine carefully and critically, especially for flaws
inspection: formal or official examination
inspector: high ranking police officer; investigator who observes carefully
inspiration: sudden intuition as part of solving a problem; arousing to a particular emotion or action
inspire: encourage; inspirit; fire the imagination of
install: set up; connect or set in position and prepare for use
installation: act of installing or giving possession of an office, rank, or order, with the usual rites or
ceremonies; the whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories
installment: monthly payment; a part of a published serial
instance: example that is cited to prove a contention or illustrate a point; case or occurrence
instinct: inborn pattern of behavior ; nature
instinctive: unthinking; prompted by instinct; spontaneous
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institute: advance or set forth in court; association organized to promote art or science or education
institution: institute; organization; introducing something new
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instruct: teach; make aware of
instruction: direction; teaching; activities of educating or instructing
instructive: serving to instruct of enlighten or inform; enlightening
instrument: tool; one used by another to accomplish a purpose; device used to produce music; legal
document
instrumental: serving or acting as a means or aid; helpful; relating to musical instruments
insufficient: of a quantity not able to fulfill a need or requirement
insulate: make an island of; place in a detached situation, or in a state having no communication with
surrounding objects; isolate; separate
insulation: act of insulating; separation; state of being detached, from other objects
insult: offend; affront; treat, mention, or speak to rudely
insurance: protection against future loss; act, business, or system of insuring
insure: make sure or secure, specifically against loss by a contingent event; give or take insurance
on
intangible: not able to be perceived by senses, as touch; vague
integral: essential or necessary for completeness; entire
integrate: make whole; combine; make into one unit
integrity: quality or condition of being whole or undivided; completeness
intellect: ability to learn and reason; ability to think abstractly or profoundly
intellectual: of intellect; showing intellect; requiring the use of the mind, rather than emotions or
instinct
intelligence: ability to comprehend; understand and profit from experience; intellect; power of
cognition
intelligent: ingenious; wise; bright; having a high degree of intelligence; mentally acute
intense: extreme; acute; in an extreme degree
intensive: thorough; concentrated; tending to give force or emphasis
intent: something that is intended; aim or purpose
intention: motive; with respect to marriage; aim that guides action
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interact: interplay; act together or towards others or with
interaction: communication; a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting
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interest: attention; curiosity; dividend; yield
interfere: disrupt; hinder; be or create a hindrance or obstacle
interference: obstruction; prevention; act or an instance of hindering, obstructing, or impeding
interior: inside; inner part; internal; inner
intermediate: middle; lying between two extremes
internal: inside; interior; located within the limits or surface
interpret: explain or tell the meaning of; translate orally; decipher
interpretation: explanation; performer's distinctive personal version of a song, dance, piece of music
interrupt: terminate; make a break in
interval: pause; break; space between two objects, points, or units
intervene: get involved; come, appear, or lie between two things
intimate: give to understand; imply as a possibility; make known subtly and indirectly
intrude: trespass; enter as an uninvited person
inundate: overwhelm; cover with water, especially floodwaters
invade: move into; intrude; enter by force in order to conquer or pillage
invader: one who invades; assailant; encroacher; intruder
invalid: of no force or weight; not valid; weak; void; null
invalidate: make invalid; nullify; destroy
invaluable: valuable under estimation; inestimable; priceless
invariably: constantly; always
invasion: raid; attack; act of invading, especially the entrance of an armed force into a territory to
conquer
inverse: opposite; reversed in order, nature, or effect; turned upside down
invest: put clothe on, as with office or authority; place in possession of rank, dignity, or estate;
endow; lay out money or capital in business
investigate: explore; observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically
investigation: detailed inquiry or systematic examination; inquiry
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invisible: incapable of being seen; impossible or nearly impossible to see
invoice: bill; commercial document issued by seller to buyer indicating the products, quantities and
prices
involve: wind round; connect with something; include necessarily; engage thoroughly
irony: expression by deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning; witty language
used to insult
irregular: contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice; inconstant
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irresistible: overwhelming; tempting; charming
irrespective: without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent
irrevocable: unalterable; irreversible; impossible to retract or revoke
irrigate: supply land with water artificially; clean a wound with a fluid
irrigation: supplying water to the land to help crops grow
irritate: rouse to impatience or anger; annoy; provoke
isolate: seclude; set apart or cut off from others
isolation: separation; detachment; quality or condition of being isolated
issue: subject; topic; problem; edition; publication; release; publish
item: a whole individual unit; a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group
ivory: teeth of elephant
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J
jail: building for confinement of persons held in lawful custody
jam: crush or bruise; get stuck; press tightly together
jar: pitcher; vase; small, cylindrical container for food, normally made of glass or clay
jealous: resentful or bitter in rivalry; envious
jealousy: envy; jealous attitude or disposition
jelly: substance having the consistency of semi-solid foods
jeopardize: endanger; imperil; put at risk
jerk: pull, or move with a sudden movement; move with abrupt, seemingly uncontrolled motions
jettison: throw overboard; eject from boat, submarine, aircraft, or spaceship
jewel: gemstone; costly ornament of precious metal or gem
jewelry: adornment made of precious metals, as a bracelet or ring or necklace
jog: run or ride at a steady slow trot; give a push or shake to
journal: magazine; periodical; log; diary; a ledger in which transactions have been recorded as they
occurred
journalism: profession of reporting or photographing or editing news stories for one of the media
journalist: writer for newspapers and magazines
judgement: decision; appraisal
juice: liquid; liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue
juicy: full of juice; lucrative; richly interesting
jumble: assemble without order or sense; confused multitude of things; chaos; mess; mixture
junction: connection; joint; intersection; crossing
jungle: land densely overgrown with tropical vegetation; dense, confused mass
junior: less advanced in age than another; younger; lower in standing or in rank
jury: committee appointed to judge a case
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justice: quality of being just; practical conformity to human or divine law; equity; uprightness
justifiable: capable of being justified, or shown to be just
justification: good or just reason; condition or fact of being justified
justify: adjust the spaces between words; show to be reasonable; explain, clear away
juvenile: youth; adolescent; not fully grown or developed
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K
kangaroo: animal that having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail
keen: acute; incisive; sharp ; express grief verbally
kernel: central or vital part; most material and central part; grain or seed as of corn
kerosene: flammable hydrocarbon oil used as fuel in lamps and heaters
keyboard: device consisting of a set of keys on a piano or organ or typewriter or typesetting machine
or computer
kidnap: take by force or fear, and against one's will; seize and detain unlawfully and usually for
ransom
kidney: glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products from the animal body
kindle: build or fuel a fire; cause to glow; light up; inspire
kingdom: rank, quality, state, or attributes of a king; royal authority; sovereign power; rule; dominion;
monarchy
kneel: bend the knee; fall or rest on the knees
knit: contract into wrinkles; grow together; form into fabric by intertwining
knob: hard protuberance; hard swelling or rising; bunch; lump
knot: fastening together of one or more threads, cords, ropes; lump or loop formed in thread;
ornamental tie
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L
label: paper affixed to anything by inscription; slip of ribbon, parchment; writing annexed by way of
addition
laborer: worker; someone who works with their hands
lace: delicate decorative fabric woven in an open web of symmetrical patterns; rope; cord that is
drawn through eyelets
lag: delay; drag; the act of slowing down or falling behind
lamb: the young of the sheep; simple, unsophisticated person
lame: moving with pain or difficulty because of injury; disabled so that movement is difficult or
impossible
landing: touchdown; act of coming down to the earth
landscape: scenery; expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view
lane: passageway between fences which is not traveled as a highroad; narrow country road
lap: take in food or drink with one's tongue; splash gently
lapse: gliding, slipping, or gradual falling; unobserved or imperceptible progress; slip or error; failing
in duty
largely: in a large manner; for the most part; mainly
lark: any of various small, singing passerine birds of the family Alaudidae; one who wakes early; one
who is up with the larks
laser: optical device that produces an intense monochromatic beam of coherent light
lasting: continuing or remaining for a long time; enduring; durable
latent: present or potential but not evident or active; dormant; hidden
lateral: coming from side; situated at or extending to the side
latitude: freedom from normal restraints; angular distance north or south of the earth's equator
launch: begin; originate; initiate; send off; take off
laundry: washing; workplace where clothes are washed and ironed
Ielts 4000 academic word list | PDF
vocabulary · English · 25676 words
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